Mechanisms of liver carcinogenesis by chronic exposure to alpha-particles form internally deposited Thorotrast

Wang, Lu; Liu, Duo; Shimizu, Takashi; Fukumoto, Manabu

doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.09.045

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Thorotrast is a medically administered radioactive contrast agent that was used throughout the 1930s and 1940s and is strongly associated with liver carcinogenesis as a result of chronic internal radiation exposure [22,23]. Of particular intrigue is that Thorotrast treated patients are known to exhale elevated levels of thoron and there have been some investigations into the potential for patients to develop lung cancer although the studies remain inconclusive [24–28]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cellular and Molecular Carcinogenic Effects of Radon Exposure: A Review

Robertson

Allen

Laney

et al. 2013

IJMS

124

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Radon-222 is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is responsible for approximately half of the human annual background radiation exposure globally. Chronic exposure to radon and its decay products is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer behind smoking, and links to other forms of neoplasms have been postulated. Ionizing radiation emitted during the radioactive decay of radon and its progeny can induce a variety of cytogenetic effects that can be biologically damaging and result in an increased risk of carcinogenesis. Suggested effects produced as a result of alpha particle exposure from radon include mutations, chromosome aberrations, generation of reactive oxygen species, modification of the cell cycle, up or down regulation of cytokines and the increased production of proteins associated with cell-cycle regulation and carcinogenesis. A number of potential biomarkers of exposure, including translocations at codon 249 of TP53 in addition to HPRT mutations, have been suggested although, in conclusion, the evidence for such hotspots is insufficient. There is also substantial evidence of bystander effects, which may provide complications when calculating risk estimates as a result of exposure, particularly at low doses where cellular responses often appear to deviate from the linear, no-threshold hypothesis. At low doses, effects may also be dependent on cellular conditions as opposed to dose. The cellular and molecular carcinogenic effects of radon exposure have been observed to be both numerous and complex and the elevated chronic exposure of man may therefore pose a significant public health risk that may extend beyond the association with lung carcinogenesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cellular and Molecular Carcinogenic Effects of Radon Exposure: A Review

Robertson

Allen

Laney

et al. 2013

IJMS

124

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“…Moreover, some studies reported few genetic mutations related to hepatobiliary malignancy. [22] Hepatic disease associated with CCA include alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, and cholangitis are included become risk factor. [17] Diagnosis of CCA is quite challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Era of Immunotherapy in Bile Duct Cancer Management

Lesmana¹,

Mandasari²

2020

Immunosuppression

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Bile duct carcinoma or well known as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common of primary liver malignancy after hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although cholangiocarcinoma is a rare cancer, it has an aggressive feature with very poor prognosis. The epidemiological profile of cholangiocarcinoma varies widely across the world, which is reflecting the exposure of different risk factors, such as chronic inflammatory disease of the biliary tract, specific infectious disease, and congenital malformation. Diagnosis of CCA is quite challenging. CCA is generally asymptomatic in the early stages. Therefore, the management of this malignancy is often delayed due to late diagnosed, where the metastasis has already present or even when it is causing bile duct obstruction. Treatment for CCA is often difficult and should be managed in the tertiary referral hospital with a multidisciplinary team approach. Surgical treatment with complete resection could be benefit only for patient with early stage of the disease. Other treatment modalities as adjuvant therapy are also have been developed to improve survival of the patient, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, targeting angiogenesis and EGFR, and immunotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy has also been developed as a new cancer treatment option and showed a promising result. Whether immunotherapy can be useful for treatment biliary malignancy is still controversial. Hence, a lot of studies is still required to confirm the preliminary findings.

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“…Radiation-induced liver insult has been shown to promote hepatocyte remodeling, genomic instability, DNA methylation, and disrupt the liver architecture. Few genetic mutations have been reported to be associated with Thorotrast-induced hepatobiliary malignancy, such as K- ras -2 and TP53 32…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholangiocarcinoma: a guide for the nonspecialist

Alsaleh¹,

Leftley²,

Barbera³

et al. 2018

IJGM

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Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a tumor with increasing prevalence around the world. The prevalence of CCA is highest in East Asia and most significantly in the countries through which the Mekong River flows, owing to the presence of liver flukes, which are consumed in raw fish dishes. Outside Asia, the causes of bile duct cancers for the most part are unknown. In this review, we assess the current state of knowledge in both fluke-associated and sporadic CCA, from etiological, diagnostic, and treatment perspectives.

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Mechanisms of liver carcinogenesis by chronic exposure to alpha-particles form internally deposited Thorotrast

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

The Cellular and Molecular Carcinogenic Effects of Radon Exposure: A Review

The Cellular and Molecular Carcinogenic Effects of Radon Exposure: A Review

The New Era of Immunotherapy in Bile Duct Cancer Management

Cholangiocarcinoma: a guide for the nonspecialist

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