Mechanisms of Low Back Pain A Neurophysiologic and Neuroanatomic Study

National occupational research agenda (NORA) future directions in occupational musculoskeletal disorder health research

“…that stimulates the sensation of pain (Cavanaugh, 1995;Cavanaugh et al, 1997;Rempel et al, 1999;Siddall and Cousins, 1997). Inflammatory cytokines can increase Prostaglandin E 2 synthesis which acts at both peripheral free nerve endings of sensory neurons and at central sites within the spinal cord and brain to increase pain sensation (Peters et al, 1990).…”

Implementation of neuroreflexotherapy for subacute and chronic neck and back pain within the Spanish public health system: Audit results after one year

“…The intervention deactivated neurons are assumed to be involved in the mechanisms of persistence of pain, neurogenic inflammation, and muscle dysfunction and contracture [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) carried out in different primary care and hospital settings by different research teams have shown the efficacy, safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of NRT [36][37][38].…”

Neuromechanical characterization of in vivo lumbar spinal manipulation. Part II. Neurophysiological response

“…We hypothesized that mechanical stimulation of viscoelastic structures during SMT would result in physiologic responses in human subjects based on the knowledge of the presence of mechanosensitive afferents in the discoligamentous and muscular spinal tissues. 2,3,6 Despite the fact that preliminary work had demonstrated relationships between mechanical and electrical stimulation of spinal articulations resulting in neurophysiologic and neuromuscular responses, such research has mostly been limited to the laboratory utilizing animal models. 13,16,26 Intraoperative monitoring techniques are commonly used in spinal surgery and offer promise for evaluating neurophysiologic responses during SMT.…”

“…The presence of mechanosensitive and nociceptive afferent fibers in spinal tissues (disk, facet, ligaments, and muscles) [1][2][3][4][5] and the subsequent neurophysiologic research demonstrating the role of such afferent stimulation in pain production [6][7][8] and coordinated neuromuscular stabilization of the spine 9-14 provide a theoretical framework to investigate the mechanisms of chiropractic adjustments or spinal manipulative therapy (SMT). The mechanical and physiologic influence of SMT on the targeted spinal tissues has recently begun to be quantified experimentally.…”