Mechanisms of movement in outer hair cells and a possible structural basis

Flock, Åke; Flock, Britta; Ulfendahl, Mats

doi:10.1007/bf00453755

Cited by 293 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

100

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A variety of calcium-binding proteins are known to be present in the inner ear where they are thought to play diverse roles in transduction, motile response, and in neurotransmitter release (Rabie et al 1983;Dechesne et al 1991;Flock et al 1986;Slepecky and Ulfendahl 1993;Ichimiya et al 1994a,b). The large number of calcium-binding proteins in the present study was included because their individual characteristic distributions suggest that they serve different functions within the cochlea (e.g., Pack and Slepecky 1995;Imamura and Adams 1996).…”

Section: Cytochemical Effects Of Gentamicin Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study immunostaining is used to assay for the following transport proteins: Na + ,K + -ATPase, the Na + ,Ca ++ exchanger, the membrane-bound Ca ++ -ATPases, plasma membrane calcium-ATPase (PMCA) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPases SERCA1 and SERCA2, as well as carbonic anhydrase (CA), all of which play major roles in controlling intracellular ion content. A variety of calcium-binding proteins are known to be present in the inner ear where they are thought to play diverse roles, including but not limited to transduction, motile responses, and neurotransmitter release (Rabie et al 1983;Dechesne et al 1991;Flock et al 1986;Slepecky and Ulfendahl 1993;Ichimiya et al 1994a,b). The following calcium-binding compounds were assayed: peptide 19, calretinin, calbindin, S-100, osteopontin, calmodulin, and caldesmon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Changes in Cytochemistry of Sensory and Nonsensory Cells in Gentamicin-Treated Cochleas

Imamura

Adams

2003

JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of a single local dose of gentamicin upon sensory and nonsensory cells throughout the cochlea were assessed by changes in immunostaining patterns for a broad array of functionally important proteins. Cytochemical changes in hair cells, spiral ganglion cells, and cells of the stria vascularis, spiral ligament, and spiral limbus were found beginning 4 days post administration. The extent of changes in immunostaining varied with survival time and with cell type and was not always commensurate with the degree to which individual cell types accumulated gentamicin. Outer hair cells, types I and II fibrocytes of the spiral ligament, and fibrocytes in the spiral limbus showed marked decreases in immunostaining for a number of constituents. In contrast, inner hair cells, type III fibrocytes and root cells of the spiral ligament, cells of the stria vascularis, and interdental cells in the spiral limbus showed less dramatic decreases, and in some cases they showed increases in immunostaining. Results indicate that, in addition to damaging sensory cells, local application of gentamicin results in widespread and disparate disruptions of a variety of cochlear cell types. Only in the case of ganglion cells was it apparent that the changes in nonsensory cells were secondary to loss or damage of hair cells. These results indicate that malfunction of the ear following gentamicin treatment is widespread and far more complex than simple loss of sensory elements. The results have implications for efforts directed toward detecting, preventing, and treating toxic effects of aminoglycosides upon the inner ear.

show abstract

Section: Cytochemical Effects Of Gentamicin Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cytochemistry of Sensory and Nonsensory Cells in Gentamicin-Treated Cochleas

Imamura

Adams

2003

JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngolog

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We reacted whole mounts of the basilar papilla with antibodies to calmodulin, which have been shown to label hair cells selectively in the mature mammalian organ of Corti (Flock et al, 1986;Slepecky et al, 1988;Bauwens et al, 1991;Slepecky and Ulfendahl, 1993), and with the TUJ1 antibody, which labels class III ␤ tubulin in early differentiating neurons (Moody et al, 1989;Lee et al, 1990;Easter et al, 1993). In addition to examining the pattern of antibody labeling in the intact whole mounts, we embedded immunoreacted cochleae in plastic and sectioned them so that the cellular distribution of each antigen could be determined.…”

Section: Immunolabeling Of Hair Cells In Normal and Drugdamaged Cochlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair Cell Differentiation in Chick Cochlear Epithelium after Aminoglycoside Toxicity:In VivoandIn VitroObservations

Leaño²,

et al. 1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Inner ear epithelia of mature birds regenerate hair cells after ototoxic or acoustic insult. The lack of markers that selectively label cells in regenerating epithelia and of culture systems composed primarily of progenitor cells has hampered the identification of cellular and molecular interactions that regulate hair cell regeneration. In control basilar papillae, we identified two markers that selectively label hair cells (calmodulin and TUJ1 ␤ tubulin antibodies) and one marker unique for support cells (cytokeratin antibodies). Examination of regenerating epithelia demonstrated that calmodulin and ␤ tubulin are also expressed in early differentiating hair cells, and cytokeratins are retained in proliferative support cells. Enzymatic and mechanical methods were used to isolate sensory epithelia from mature chick basilar papillae, and epithelia were cultured in different conditions. In control cultures, hair cells are morphologically stable for up to 6 d, because calmodulin immunoreactivity and phalloidin labeling of filamentous actin are retained. The addition of an ototoxic antibiotic to cultures, however, causes complete hair cell loss by 2 d in vitro and generates cultures composed of calmodulinnegative, cytokeratin-positive support cells. These cells are highly proliferative for the first 2-7 d after plating, but stop dividing by 9 d. Calmodulin-or TUJ1-positive cells reemerge in cultures treated with antibiotic for 5 d and maintained for an additional 5 d without antibiotic. A subset of calmodulinpositive cells was also labeled with BrdU when it was continuously present in cultures, suggesting that some cells generated in culture begin to differentiate into hair cells. Key words: hair cells; regeneration; chick; basilar papilla; cell culture; differentiationHair cells are sensory receptors for hearing, equilibrium, and motion detection. Some animals demonstrate the capacity to generate hair cells throughout their lifetime (Popper and Hoxter, 1984;Corwin, 1985; Jörgenson and Mathiessen, 1989;Roberson et al., 1992) or to initiate hair cell regeneration in the event of their loss (Corwin and Cotanche, 1988;Ryals and Rubel, 1988). The progenitors of hair cells seem to be a subset of support cells that reside adjacent to hair cells in the sensory epithelia (Girod et al., 1989;Balak et al., 1990;Raphael, 1992;Hashino and Salvi, 1993;Weisleder and Rubel, 1993;Stone and Cotanche, 1994;Tsue et al., 1994a;Roberson et al., 1996). Although mature mammals normally do not generate new hair cells, recent in vivo and in vitro studies have documented mitotic activity and immature-looking hair cells in mammalian vestibular epithelia after exposure to ototoxic drugs Warchol et al., 1993;Rubel et al., 1995), suggesting that hair cell regeneration in mammals may be inducible. The development of culture methods for mature cochlear and vestibular end organs has been initiated to identify molecules that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in avian and mammalian hair cell epithelia. Co-culture experiments suggest that...

show abstract

“…a return of the hair cell to its original morphological and physiological condition upon withdrawal of the stimulus 255 (Brownell, 1984;Brownell et al, 1985;Zenner et al 1985b Responses to electrical stimuli (Brownell et al, 1985) as well as cytochemical reactions (Flock et al, 1986) have been demonstrated in cells that appear degenerating by the morphological criteria spelled out above. It would seem, however, that cells with good morphology and viability are more likely to yield experimental results unperturbed by artifacts.…”

Section: Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of isolated outer hair cells from five mammalian species

Zajic

Schacht

1987

Hearing Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Live outer hair cells were isolated from guinea pig, chinchilla, rat, mouse, and gerbil. The organ of Corti from selected turns of the cochlea was briefly incubated with collagenase and outer hair cells were separated from the tissue by micromanipulation under microscopic observation.Morphological criteria for cell viability were: (1) cylindrical cell shape without swelling or distortion of the membrane;(2) location of the nucleus in its normal position near the base of the cell; (3) cytoplasm devoid of Brownian motion and granulation.Both yield and quality (as judged by these morphological criteria) of isolated hair cells varied with the species and the turn from which the isolation was attempted. Consistently high yields and cells of good morphology were obtained from guinea pigs and chinchillas.Fewer cells were obtained from rats and mice, and their quality was less consistent. Gerbils gave the poorest yield and quality of outer hair cells. In all species, the preparation was more successful from the apical than from the basal turn. The length of apical hair cells varied almost 4-fold from 60 to 80 pm in guinea pig and chinchilla to 20 to 40 pm in the other species, while their diameter only varied 1.5-fold from 7 (mouse) to 10 pm (chinchilla). Outer hair cells could be maintained in vitro in good condition for several hours. Typical early signs of degeneration were increased Brownian motion and granulation in the cytoplasm, upward movement of the nucleus, or distortion of cell shape. Degeneration was always accompanied by a shortening along the long axis.

show abstract

Mechanisms of movement in outer hair cells and a possible structural basis

Cited by 293 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in Cytochemistry of Sensory and Nonsensory Cells in Gentamicin-Treated Cochleas

Changes in Cytochemistry of Sensory and Nonsensory Cells in Gentamicin-Treated Cochleas

Hair Cell Differentiation in Chick Cochlear Epithelium after Aminoglycoside Toxicity:In VivoandIn VitroObservations

Comparison of isolated outer hair cells from five mammalian species

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About