Mechanisms of multiple chemical sensitivity

Winder, Chris

doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00536-7

Cited by 81 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The first olfactory stimulation with MO (1) lead to increased rCBF levels in the PFC, which was not significantly different between patients with MCS and controls. Increases in rCBF levels in patients with MCS were suppressed after exposure to the non-odorant tests NO (3) and NO (8) on the third repetition. There was no difference between patients with MCS and controls in the PFC responses.…”

Section: Nirs Imaging and Subjective Evaluation Of Odorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic acquired disorder characterized by non-specific and recurrent multisystem symptoms associated with exposure to common odorous chemicals such as organic solvents, pesticides, cleaning products, perfumes, environmental tobacco smoke, or combustion products [1][2][3]. According to population-based surveys, the prevalence of MCS is estimated to range from 8 to 33 % [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, extreme fatigue, and concentration difficulties are common; airway and gastro-intestinal tract symptoms are also frequently reported [2,[10][11][12]. Diagnosis of MCS can be difficult because of the inability to assess the causal relation between exposure and symptoms [3,13]. No standardized objective measures to identify MCS and no precise definition of this disorder have been established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of cerebral blood flow in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity using near-infrared spectroscopy—recovery after olfactory stimulation: a case–control study

Azuma

Uchiyama

Tanigawa

et al. 2015

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic acquired disorder characterized by non-specific symptoms in multiple organ systems associated with exposure to odorous chemicals. We previously observed significant activations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during olfactory stimulation using several different odorants in patients with MCS by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) imaging. We also observed that the patients with MCS did not adequately distinguish non-odorant in the late stage of the repeated olfactory stimulation test. The sensory recovery of the olfactory system in the patients with MCS may process odors differently from healthy subjects after olfactory stimulation. Methods We examined the recovery process of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after olfactory stimulation in patients with MCS. NIRS imaging was performed in 6 patients with MCS and in 6 controls. The olfactory stimulation test was continuously repeated 10 times. The study also included a subjective assessment of the physical and psychological status and of the perception of irritating and hedonic odors. 123Environ Health Prev Med (2015) 20:185-194 DOI 10.1007 Results After olfactory stimulation, significant activations were observed in the PFC of patients with MCS on both the right and left sides compared with controls. The activations were specifically strong in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Compared with controls, autonomic perception and feelings identification were poorer in patients with MCS. OFC is associated with stimuli response and the representation of preferences. Conclusions These results suggest that a past strong exposure to hazardous chemicals activates the PFC during olfactory stimuli in patients with MCS, and a strong activation in the OFC remains after the stimuli.

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Section: Nirs Imaging and Subjective Evaluation Of Odorsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of cerebral blood flow in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity using near-infrared spectroscopy—recovery after olfactory stimulation: a case–control study

Azuma

Uchiyama

Tanigawa

et al. 2015

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Thus, due to (i) the overlapping psychogenic and organic burdens that, below the level of consciousness, are shared not only in MCS development but also in the vestibular disorders [1,[10][11][12][13][15][16][17]20]; (ii) the number of previous studies describing central processing impairment related to inner ear inflow in this syndrome [21,22]; and (iii) the lack of literature on clinical evidence of the presentation of dizziness [2,3], the purpose of the present exploratory study was to highlight the possible MCS hidden clinical/subclinical aspects of vestibular impairment by inferential and principal component (PC) analysis applied on the contribution of recently implemented otoneurological testings. This, with the aim of disclosing possible implementations in diagnosing and monitoring undiscovered aspects underpinning the natural history of MCS, will possibly assist in suggesting future treatment choices in a clinical setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deranged Dimensionality of Vestibular Re-Weighting in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Background: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic multisystem condition characterized by low levels of multiple chemical susceptibility inducing a spectrum of central nervous system symptoms, including dizziness. Thus, considering (i) the overlapping psychogenic and organic burdens shared in MCS development and in vestibular disorders; (ii) the number of previous studies describing central processing impairment related to inner ear inflow in this syndrome; and (iii) the lack of literature with respect to clinical evidence of the presentation of MCS dizziness, the purpose of the present study was to highlight the possible hidden aspects of vestibular impairment by applying the recent contribution of implemented otoneurological testing, inferential statistic and principal component (PC) analysis in 18 MCS and 20 healthy subjects (HC); Methods: Both groups filled in a dizziness and environment exposure inventory and underwent the Rod and Disc and Rod and Frame Test, video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) and Static Posturography Test (SPT) with fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Between-group analysis of variance and PC analysis implemented on otoneurological variables were performed; Results: Defective vestibular processing was identified in 18 MCS patients (11 female and 7 male; mean age 49.5 ± 9.3 years) by finding a significant increase in SPT and FFT parameters and in Visual Dependency (VD) behaviour and a decrease in vHIT scores. Component correlation analysis in MCS showed a positive correlation of FFT parameters in PC1 and SPT parameters in PC2 with a negative correlation of vHIT and VD values in PC2. HC subjects demonstrated a positive correlation of VD and SPT parameters in PC1 and FFT parameters in PC2. Conclusion: Inferential and PC analysis provided the opportunity to disclose such possible hidden phenomena to (i) support that MCS physiopathological cascades could lead to a vestibular decay; and (ii) suggest rearrangement of the dimension of the variables as an aspect of near-optimal re-weighting, possibly underpinning the dizzy symptoms complained of by MCS patients.

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“…A number of hypotheses concerning the etiology and pathophysiology of MCS have been proposed [2], including impaired ability to metabolize toxic chemicals [3] and psychological mechanisms [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors in genetic susceptibility in a chemical sensitive population using QEESI

Fujimori

Hiura

et al. 2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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Mechanisms of multiple chemical sensitivity

Cited by 81 publications

References 48 publications

Assessment of cerebral blood flow in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity using near-infrared spectroscopy—recovery after olfactory stimulation: a case–control study

Assessment of cerebral blood flow in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity using near-infrared spectroscopy—recovery after olfactory stimulation: a case–control study

Deranged Dimensionality of Vestibular Re-Weighting in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Factors in genetic susceptibility in a chemical sensitive population using QEESI

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