Mechanisms of nanoclay-enhanced plastic foaming processes: effects of nanoclay intercalation and exfoliation

Wong, Anson; Wijnands, Stephan F. L.; Kuboki, Takashi; Park, Chul

doi:10.1007/s11051-013-1815-y

Cited by 86 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For instance, it has been demonstrated that this theory predicts too high a level of supersaturation within polymer/nucleating agents/CO 2 systems. Wong and colleagues [96] highlighted the stress-induced nucleation effect in polymer/nanoclay systems: when a cell nucleates near a nanoclay particle, the local pressure P local around the particles may be not equal to the system pressure. The polymer/gas system could be subject to local pressure variation ΔP local and this has to be taken into account in the calculation of the critical radius and thus of the system free energy.…”

Section: 21c) Limitations Of the Classical Nucleation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer nano-foams for insulating applications prepared from CO2 foaming

Forest

Chaumont

Cassagnau

et al. 2015

Progress in Polymer Science

261

166

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Section: 21c) Limitations Of the Classical Nucleation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer nano-foams for insulating applications prepared from CO2 foaming

Forest

Chaumont

Cassagnau

et al. 2015

Progress in Polymer Science

261

166

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“…Therefore, besides the polymeric matrix, the filler used in the foamed composites is another critical factor for the structure and properties of the materials. Diverse inorganic and organic fillers have been reported in the preparation of the foamed composites, for instance calcium carbonate (Chen et al 2013), nanosilica (Gong et al 2012), carbon nanofiber , carbon nanotube (Lim et al 2011), clay (Wong et al 2013), montmorillonite (Zhou et al 2014), lignin (Xue et al 2014) and wood fibers (Faruk et al 2007). As a rigid biomass-based nanoparticle, CNC can be expected to be the promising nanofiller to enhance the performance and provide the possible nucleation effect for the foamed composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical reinforcement of cellulose nanocrystals on biodegradable microcellular foams with melt-compounding process

Lin

Chen

et al. 2015

Cellulose

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The polymeric foamed composites were developed from the biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) reinforced by the biomass-based cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) via the melt-compounding treatment. As the highly-crystalline and rigid nanoparticles, the presence of CNC in the polyester matrix can simultaneously enhance the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the foamed composites. With the addition of 5 wt% CNC, the flexural strength and modulus of the PBS foamed composite increased by 50 and 62.9 % in comparison with those of the neat foamed material. Furthermore, the introduction of the CNC significantly affected the cells morphology, structure and stability during the foaming process, which facilitated the increase of the cell density and the homogeneous cell size and distribution of the foamed composites. With the addition of 5 wt% azodicarbonamide as the chemical blowing agent and 5 wt% CNC as the bionanofillers, the foamed composite showed the increased cell density of 7.1 9 10 5 cell/ cm 3 , which was 69.1 % higher than that of the neat foamed material. The mechanical enhancement of the foamed composites was attributed to the nanoreinforcement of the CNC served as the stress transferring phase, and meanwhile the promising improvement on the cells structure and stability for the foamed composites was ascribed to the effect of the CNC acted as the nucleation component.

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“…It can be seen in Figure (a) that the cell size has a decreasing behavior followed by increasing behavior by increasing the nanoparticles. Adding nanoparticles leads to increase of cell density which means more gas is used in nucleation stage, therefore insufficient gas remains for growth stage and smaller cells are obtained at 2 wt % of nanoparticles. By adding more nanoparticles (i.e., 4 wt %), possibly because of weak dispersion of nanoparticles, nucleation decreases and more gas is used for growth and larger cells are obtained in comparison to 2 wt %.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous decision analysis on the structural and mechanical properties of polymeric microcellular nanocomposites foamed using CO₂

Daryadel

Azdast

Hasanzadeh

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, the effects of nano Fe 2 O 3 content and foaming temperature and time are investigated on the various structural and mechanical properties of polypropylene in a batch foaming process with CO 2 using Taguchi approach. Cell size, relative density, and specific impact strength and hardness are considered as different criteria. The results indicated that the cell sizes are below 10 lm and a 20% improvement is observed in the microcellular nanocomposite samples containing 4 wt % nano Fe 2 O 3 . A 20% improvement is observed in specific impact strength by increasing 4 wt % of nano Fe 2 O 3 . Also, a simultaneous decision analysis is performed and the best sample with respect to considered structural and mechanical properties is selected using multi-criteria decision making methods. The results demonstrated that the microcellular nanocomposite foams containing 4 wt % of nano Fe 2 O 3 are the best samples.

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Mechanisms of nanoclay-enhanced plastic foaming processes: effects of nanoclay intercalation and exfoliation

Cited by 86 publications

References 42 publications

Polymer nano-foams for insulating applications prepared from CO2 foaming

Polymer nano-foams for insulating applications prepared from CO2 foaming

Mechanical reinforcement of cellulose nanocrystals on biodegradable microcellular foams with melt-compounding process

Simultaneous decision analysis on the structural and mechanical properties of polymeric microcellular nanocomposites foamed using CO₂

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Mechanisms of nanoclay-enhanced plastic foaming processes: effects of nanoclay intercalation and exfoliation

Cited by 86 publications

References 42 publications

Polymer nano-foams for insulating applications prepared from CO2 foaming

Polymer nano-foams for insulating applications prepared from CO2 foaming

Mechanical reinforcement of cellulose nanocrystals on biodegradable microcellular foams with melt-compounding process

Simultaneous decision analysis on the structural and mechanical properties of polymeric microcellular nanocomposites foamed using CO2

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Product

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Simultaneous decision analysis on the structural and mechanical properties of polymeric microcellular nanocomposites foamed using CO₂