Mechanisms of Neural Response to Gastrointestinal Nutritive Stimuli: The Gut-Brain Axis

Tsurugizawa, Tomokazu; Uematsu, Akira; Nakamura, Eiji; Hasumura, Mai; Hirota, Morihiko; Kondoh, Takashi; Uneyama, Hisayuki; Torii, Kunio

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.057

Cited by 116 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Almost all gastric glutamate-mediated signaling was diminished by the total vagotomy, but gastric glucose (120 mmol/l)-mediated signaling was not aŠected by the vagotomy. The data are from Tsurugizawa et al 32) proteins because the gastric proteolytic enzyme cannot digest protein to each amino acid.…”

Section: Glutamate Signaling In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Physiological Significance of Luminal Glutamate-sensing in the Gastrointestinal Functions

Uneyama

2011

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI

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Recent evidence indicates that free amino acids are nutrients as well as acting as chemical transmitters within the gastrointestinal tract. Gut glutamate research is the most advanced among 20 amino acids. Free glutamate carries the umami taste sensation on the tongue and a visceral sensation in the gut, especially the stomach. In theˆeld of taste physiology, the physiological meaning of the glutamate-derived chemical sense, the umami taste, has been proposed to be a marker of protein intake. Experimental evidence in gut glutamate physiology strongly supports this hypothesis. Free glutamate is sensed by the abdominal vagus and regulates gastrointestinal functions such as secretion and emptying to accelerate protein digestion. Clinical application of glutamate has also just begun to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as dyspepsia, ulcer, dry mouth and functional dyspepsia. In this review, we introduce recent advances in gut glutamate research and consider the possible contribution of glutamate to health.

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Section: Glutamate Signaling In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Physiological Significance of Luminal Glutamate-sensing in the Gastrointestinal Functions

Uneyama

2011

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI

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“…The results of our previous fMRI study revealed that a total abdominal vagotomy reduced the level of Glu-induced activation in the NTS and hypothalamus, whereas a total vagotomy did not affect the level of the glucose-induced brain activation (35). Instead, the level of brain activation correlated with the fluctuations in insulin after an intragastric glucose administration (35). These results from fMRI studies in vagotomized rats are consistent with those of postingestive behavior studies, indicating that internal signals in response to Glu mainly involve the vagus nerve, whereas those in response to glucose at least partly involve insulin.…”

Section: Signaling Pathway Of the Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Interestingly, behavioral studies have shown that an abdominal vagotomy eliminates CFP in response to the intragastric administration of Glu (4) but does not affect CFP response to the intragastric administration of carbohydrates in rats (47). The results of our previous fMRI study revealed that a total abdominal vagotomy reduced the level of Glu-induced activation in the NTS and hypothalamus, whereas a total vagotomy did not affect the level of the glucose-induced brain activation (35). Instead, the level of brain activation correlated with the fluctuations in insulin after an intragastric glucose administration (35).…”

Section: Signaling Pathway Of the Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These results indicate that the preference for the flavored solution paired with a gut infusion of MSG is not due to a caloric effect or an osmotic effect. Functional brain imaging and CFP studies have shown that the brain regions that are commonly activated in response to the intragastric administration of Glu, glucose, and corn oil emulsions in- clude the anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, amygdala, caudate-putamen, hippocampus, and lateral hypothalamus (35,37). Thus, these brain regions should be related to CFP.…”

Section: Brain Activation By Gut Nutrient Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Circulating GLP-1 acts on neurons in the NTS. Recently, we demonstrated that fluctuations in insulin after the intragastric administration of glucose correlate with the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala, ventromedial hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens (35).…”

Section: Signaling Pathway Of the Gut-brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Therapeutic Strategy for Amino Acid Medicine: Effects of Dietary Glutamate on Gut and Brain Function

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The gustatory and visceral stimulation from food regulates digestion and nutrient utilization, and free glutamate (Glu) release from food is responsible for the umami taste perception that increases food palatability. The results of recent studies reveal a variety of physiological roles for Glu. For example, luminal applications of Glu into the mouth, stomach, and intestine increase the afferent nerve activities of the glossopharyngeal nerve, the gastric branch of the vagus nerve, and the celiac branch of the vagus nerve, respectively. Additionally, luminal Glu evokes efferent nerve activation of each branch of the abdominal vagus nerve. The intragastric administration of Glu activates several brain areas (e.g., insular cortex, limbic system, and hypothalamus) and has been shown to induce flavor-preference learning in rats. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of rats has shown that the intragastric administration of Glu activates the nucleus tractus solitarius, amygdala, and lateral hypothalamus. In addition, Glu may increase flavor preference as a result of its postingestive effect. Considering these results, we propose that dietary Glu functions as a signal for the regulation of the gastrointestinal tract via the gut-brain axis and contributes to the maintenance of a healthy life.

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A taste for space

et al. 2019

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Mechanisms of Neural Response to Gastrointestinal Nutritive Stimuli: The Gut-Brain Axis

Cited by 116 publications

References 36 publications

Nutritional and Physiological Significance of Luminal Glutamate-sensing in the Gastrointestinal Functions

Nutritional and Physiological Significance of Luminal Glutamate-sensing in the Gastrointestinal Functions

New Therapeutic Strategy for Amino Acid Medicine: Effects of Dietary Glutamate on Gut and Brain Function

A taste for space

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