Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development

Lundberg, Yunxia Wang; Xu, Yinfang; Thiessen, Kevin; Kramer, Kenneth

doi:10.1002/dvdy.24195

Cited by 130 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 242 publications

(290 reference statements)

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“…Matured otoconia are attached to the otolithic membranes through anchoring. In this case, glycoproteins, such as otogelin, otogelin‐like, a‐tectorin, b‐tectorin, otoancorin, and KSPG(s), become involved in the formation of otolithic membranes …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum vitamin D and recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Rhim¹

2016

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to examine the effects of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations on patients diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) on BPPV recurrence.Study DesignCase series.MethodsA retrospective review of 232 patients diagnosed with BPPV visiting the clinic between June 2014 and June 2015 was performed. All patients underwent a complete otolaryngological, audiologic, and neurologic evaluation. The appropriate particle‐repositioning maneuver was performed depending on the type of BPPV. The patients were divided into the recurrence group and the nonrecurrence group. Age, gender, follow‐up period, type of BPPV, and vitamin D concentrations in the two groups were compared and analyzed through binary logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe average follow‐up period after treatment was 10.2 months. Forty‐one (17.7%) of 232 patients suffered a recurrence during the follow‐up period. The mean vitamin D concentration of 191 patients who did not suffer any recurrence was 16.63 ng/mL, whereas that of 41 patients who suffered a recurrence was 13.64 ng/mL. This difference in vitamin D concentrations was statistically significant (P < 0.019). The patients' age, gender, follow‐up period, and type of BPPV had no statistically significant impact.ConclusionVitamin D is assumed to affect BPPV as a recurrence factor independent of age, gender, follow‐up period, and type of BPPV.Level of Evidence4.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum vitamin D and recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Rhim¹

2016

Laryngoscope Investig Oto

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“…Even though similar molecular mechanisms are involved in the formation of mouse otoconia and zebrafish otoliths and despite the fact that both possess homologues in their organic matrix such as Sparc and Otoconin‐90 (Oc90) (Hughes et al, ; Lundberg et al, ; Stooke‐Vaughan et al, ), eight genes involved in ear development were lost in tetrapods that are present in Latimeria and zebrafish (Amemiya et al, ). One such gene is otolith matrix protein 1 precursor ( otomp ).…”

Section: Evolution Of Teleost Otolithsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enigmatic ear stones: what we know about the functional role and evolution of fish otoliths

et al. 2018

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Otoliths in bony fishes play an important role in the senses of balance and hearing. Otolith mass and shape are, among others, likely to be decisive factors influencing otolith motion and thus ear functioning. Yet our knowledge of how exactly these factors influence otolith motion is incomplete. In addition, experimental studies directly investigating the function of otoliths in the inner ear are scarce and yield partly conflicting results. Herein, we discuss questions and hypotheses on how otolith mass and shape, and the relationship between the sensory epithelium and overlying otolith, influence otolith motion. We discuss (i) the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge regarding otolith function, (ii) gaps in knowledge that remain to be filled, and (iii) future approaches that may improve our understanding of the role of otoliths in ear functioning. We further link these functional questions to the evolution of solid teleost otoliths instead of numerous tiny otoconia as found in most other vertebrates. Until now, the selective forces and/or constraints driving the evolution of solid calcareous otoliths and their diversity in shape in teleosts are largely unknown. Based on a data set on the structure of otoliths and otoconia in more than 160 species covering the main vertebrate groups, we present a hypothetical framework for teleost otolith evolution. We suggest that the advent of solid otoliths may have initially been a selectively neutral ‘by‐product’ of other key innovations during teleost evolution. The teleost‐specific genome duplication event may have paved the way for diversification in otolith shape. Otolith shapes may have evolved along with the considerable diversity of, and improvements in, auditory abilities in teleost fishes. However, phenotypic plasticity may also play an important role in the creation of different otolith types, and different portions of the otolith may show different degrees of phenotypic plasticity. Future studies should thus adopt a phylogenetic perspective and apply comparative and methodologically integrative approaches, including fossil otoliths, when investigating otoconia/otolith evolution and their function in the inner ear.

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“…Otoliths, the ear stones of teleost fish, are biomineralized structures whose major role is sound transduction and sensation of linear acceleration (1). Similar structures, called otoconia, are located in the mammalian inner ear.…”

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confidence: 99%

In vivoandin vitroanalysis of starmaker activity in zebrafish otolith biomineralization

et al. 2019

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Otoliths are one of the biominerals whose formation is highly controlled by proteins. The first protein discovered to be involved in otolith biomineralization in zebrafish was starmaker (Stm). Previously, Stm was shown to be responsible for the preferential formation of aragonite, a polymorph of calcium carbonate, in otoliths. In this work, proteomic analysis of adult zebrafish otoliths was performed. Stm is the only highly phosphorylated protein found in our studies. Besides previously studied otolith proteins, we discovered several dozens of unknown proteins that reveal the likely mechanism of biomineralization. A comparison of aragonite and vaterite otoliths showed similarities in protein composition. We observed the presence of Stm in both types of otoliths. In vitro studies of 2 characteristic Stm fragments indicated that the DS‐rich region has a special biomineralization activity, especially after phosphorylation.—Kalka, M., Markiewicz, N., Ptak, M., Sone, E. D., Ożyhar, A., Dobryszycki, P., Wojtas, M. In vivo and in vitro analysis of starmaker activity in zebrafish otolith biomineralization. FASEB J. 33, 6877–6886 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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Mechanisms of otoconia and otolith development

Cited by 130 publications

References 242 publications

Serum vitamin D and recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Serum vitamin D and recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Enigmatic ear stones: what we know about the functional role and evolution of fish otoliths

In vivoandin vitroanalysis of starmaker activity in zebrafish otolith biomineralization

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