Mechanisms of Pain

Johnson, Craig B.

doi:10.1002/9781119167891.ch11

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…While the anatomical pathways are an important component of the system, the majority of analgesic strategies target its chemical regulation, and this is critical in terms of clinical management of pain. Minor species differences exist for nociceptive function, but major regulators [ 23 ] are present across species. The interaction between physiological activity (e.g., nociception) and affective state is well defined for pain.…”

Section: Neurophysiology Of Pain Stress Fear and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain Management in Farm Animals: Focus on Cattle, Sheep and Pigs

Steagall

Bustamante

Johnson

et al. 2021

Animals

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Pain causes behavioral, autonomic, and neuroendocrine changes and is a common cause of animal welfare compromise in farm animals. Current societal and ethical concerns demand better agricultural practices and improved welfare for food animals. These guidelines focus on cattle, sheep, and pigs, and present the implications of pain in terms of animal welfare and ethical perspectives, and its challenges and misconceptions. We provide an overview of pain management including assessment and treatment applied to the most common husbandry procedures, and recommendations to improve animal welfare in these species. A cost-benefit analysis of pain mitigation is discussed for food animals as well as the use of pain scoring systems for pain assessment in these species. Several recommendations are provided related to husbandry practices that could mitigate pain and improve farm animal welfare. This includes pain assessment as one of the indicators of animal welfare, the use of artificial intelligence for automated methods and research, and the need for better/appropriate legislation, regulations, and recommendations for pain relief during routine and husbandry procedures.

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Section: Neurophysiology Of Pain Stress Fear and Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%