Mechanisms of paradoxical sleep as revealed by neurophysiologic and pharmacologic approaches in the rabbit

Khazan, N.; Sawyer, Charles H.

doi:10.1007/bf02193483

Cited by 86 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the current investigation, morphine increased arousal and decreased REM sleep in a dose-related fashion, and decreased delta sleep below placebo. Morphine has also been found to decrease REM sleep in rabbits (Khazan & Sawyer, 1964) and to decrease both REM sleep and NREM sleep in rats (Khazan, Weeks & Schroeder, 1967) and cats (Echols & Jewett, 1972 (Colasanti, 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphine‐like insomnia from heroin in nondependent human addicts.

Dc¹,

Pickworth²,

Neider³

1981

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 This study was performed because dose-related effects of heroin on human sleep had not been described previously, and to discover if heroin produces a morphine-like insomnia. 2 After three adaptation nights, the sleep of seven male nondependent opiate addicts was studied following i.m. doses of heroin (3, 6, 12 mg/70 kg), morphine (10, 20 mg/70 kg) or placebo at weekly intervals in a randomized double-blind crossover design. 3 Heroin produces a dose-related increase in wakefulness, drowsiness episodes, muscle tension, and shifts in sleep-waking states.I 4 Heroin produces a dose-related decrease in total sleep, sleep efficiency, delta sleep and REM sleep (REMS). 5 Heroin is about twice as potent as morphine in producing this type of insomnia. 6 'Morphine insomnia' appears to be a characteristic initial effect of several opioids, at least in nondependent opiate addicts, and might serve as a model insomnia for evaluation of hypnotics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphine‐like insomnia from heroin in nondependent human addicts.

Dc¹,

Pickworth²,

Neider³

1981

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…This sleep pattern, induced by clozapine in the rat, is very similar to the sleep pattern of other neuroleptics, chlorpromazine in particular. In the cat and rabbit, chlorpromazine increases the total sleeping time with a depressant effect on REM sleep (7,9), while, in man REM sleep can be enhanced (10) as with clozapine. The absence of REM rebound is in ac cordance with Oswald's (14) suggestion that CNS active drugs, which do not produce significant dependence, do not generally show REM rebound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Clozapine on the Sleep Pattern in the Rat

1977

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The effect of clozapine on the sleep pattern in the rat was studied after a single injection (2.5–20 mg/kg) and after daily administration for 11 consecutive days (2 × 20 mg/kg/day). After a single injection clozapine significantly suppressed REM sleep in a dose-related way, leaving slow wave sleep (SWS) unchanged. Following chronic administration, however, clozapine exerted its most prominent effect on SWS, the enhancement of which persisted for at least 3 days after discontinuation of treatment. REM sleep decreased with the development of tolerance and in the absence of rebound phenomena. The results are discussed in the light of disturbances in brain monoamines and the tolerance these amines developed to repeated administration of clozapine.

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“…iVagner, 1955; Rinaldi SC Himwich, 1955;Hirsch, Jarvik, & Abramson, 1956;Sol~ns, 1956;von Felsinger, Lasagna, 8: Beechci-, 1956;Monroe, Heath, hfickle, & Llewellyn, 1957;Bradley, 1958;Isbell, 1959;Schweigerclt, Stewart, 8c Hiniwich, 1966) and on the sleep cycle in both man (Green, 1965;Muzio, Roffwarg, 8c Kaufman, 1968) and animals (Hobson, 1964;Khazan & Sawyer, 1964) have been investigated extensively. Since LSD is hallucinogenic, researchers have anticipated that it woi~ld increase dreaming time for man as expressed in "activated" or "rapid eye movement" (REM) sleep.…”

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confidence: 96%

Effect of LSD on the sleep cycle of the developing kitten

Shimizu¹,

Himwich²

1968

Developmental Psychobiology

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Go les 0 ti rg, I1 1 in o is SHIMIZU, AKIRA, and HIMWICH, HAROLD E. (1968). EBect of LSD-25 on the Sleep Cycle of the Developing K i t t e n . D E m L c w h r ! i N i A L PSYCHOBIOLOGY. l(1): GO-G4. The effects of LSII on the sleep cycle were studied in 44 kittens during thc giowth period of 1 to 28 days of age. Electroencephalogranis, electrornyograins of the posterior neck iiiusclrs, and the respiratory rhythm were recorded and gross behavior was observed. With 10 pg/kg of d-lysergic acid dieth)laiiiide, the per cent time of activated sleep in total sleeping time was diminished. This diminution was less marked in kittens 6 to S da)s of age or younger and became inore significant in the kittens 11 to 13 days or older. \Vith 20 &kg the decrease of per cent time of activated sleep was highly significant at all ages. With a larger dose, the influence of age could no longer be demonstrated. T h e duration of single episodes of activated sleep showed soiiie evidcnce of shortening, but this effect was also not related to age.

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Mechanisms of paradoxical sleep as revealed by neurophysiologic and pharmacologic approaches in the rabbit

Cited by 86 publications

References 19 publications

Morphine‐like insomnia from heroin in nondependent human addicts.

Morphine‐like insomnia from heroin in nondependent human addicts.

Effect of Clozapine on the Sleep Pattern in the Rat

Effect of LSD on the sleep cycle of the developing kitten

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