Mechanisms of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in Peritoneal Adhesion

Abstract

A peritoneal adhesion (PA) is a fibrotic tissue connecting the abdominal or visceral organs to the peritoneum. The formation of PAs can induce a variety of clinical diseases. However, there is currently no effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of PAs. Damage to peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is believed to cause PAs by promoting inflammation, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis formation. In the early stages of PA formation, PMCs undergo mesothelial–mesenchymal transition and have the ability to produce an extracellular matrix. The PMCs may transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts and accelerate the formation of PAs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to understand the mechanism of action of PMCs in PAs, and to offer a theoretical foundation for the treatment and prevention of PAs.

Hemoadhican-Based Bioabsorbable Hydrogel for Preventing Postoperative Adhesions

“…Prevention of fibrin and fibroblasts from accumulating on the injured peritoneum is critical to avoid postoperative adhesions. , The antifouling properties of the HD hydrogel were investigated. Our in vitro study indicated that only a few proteins adhered to the HD hydrogel surface in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution, which were significantly lower compared to tissue culture polystyrene surface (TCPS) (Figure a).…”

“…Peritoneal adhesion development is related to a variety of mechanisms, including inflammation, collagen deposition, wound healing, and angiogenesis. ,, Most barrier materials for preventing peritoneal adhesion primarily aim to reduce the formation of adhesive bands but often overlook their regulatory role in inflammation, fibrinolysis, and related cytokines during adhesion formation . To explore the inhibitory effects of the HD hydrogel on inflammation, we determined the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Figure a,b).…”

“…Promising biomaterials used as barriers to prevent postoperative adhesions should have several advantages, including excellent biocompatibility, ease of preparation, and topical application . During the initial days following surgery, fibronectin and fibroblasts play a crucial role in the development of tissue adhesions. , Therefore, barrier materials intended for use in the peritoneal cavity should possess specific biological characteristics that resist protein and cell adhesion, while also maintaining an appropriate degradation time. , Physical barriers in the form of hydrogels are increasingly attracting attention due to their longer retention time compared to solutions and their superior ability to fully cover wound areas compared to film materials. , …”

Multifunctional Oxidized Dextran–Metformin as a Tissue‐Adhesive Hydrogel to Prevent Postoperative Peritoneal Adhesions in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

“…[ 6 ] Stimulation from surgical injury will further aggravate inflammatory responses and fibrinolytic imbalance, leading to the development of more severe adhesions. [ 24a,25 ] An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine whether the ODE–ME hydrogel could alleviate chronic inflammation and fibrinolytic imbalance in mice with MetS after surgery. Compared with the NCD + Model group, serum IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) levels were higher in the HFD + Model group; however, tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) levels were lower; this suggests that mice with MetS have more severe postoperative inflammation and lower fibrinolytic activity, which are closely associated with adhesion severity (Figure 8D,E).…”

Development of melatonin-embedded PLGA-PEG6000 nanofiber biomaterial, and investigation of the effects on abdominal adhesion formation

“…Adhesion may occur following chronic peritoneal inflammation, peritoneal dialysis, and endometriosis. 1 Adhesions are a common complication of surgery, occurring in up to 50%-95% of people who undergo abdominal or pelvic surgery, and place a tremen dous clinical and financial burden on public health. 2 Adhesion formation causes a range of symptoms like chronic pain, bowel obstruction, urinary dysfunction, and female infertility.…”