Mechanisms of Phytochemical Inhibition of Carcinogenesis: Elucidating the Role of γ-Tocopherol in Nutrition

Burnett, Terrilea; Tanaka, Yuichiro; Harwood, Patricia J.; Cooney, Robert V.; Shibamoto, T.; Terao, J.; Osawa, Toshihiko

doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0701.ch005

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…This may suggest that γ-tocopherol makes its own contribution beyond CRP to the prediction of mortality. As γ-tocopherol rises in response to inflammation [5, 35] despite its anti-inflammatory and protective effect against nitrogen oxide radicals, it may be elevated in individuals with serious disease who are at high risk of death as well as simultaneously function to reduce risk of death [10, 36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of serum γ-tocopherol levels with mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

et al. 2019

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Background/Objectives γ-Tocopherol has unique properties that protect against nitrogen oxide-mediated cellular damage. To elucidate the potential role of γ-tocopherol in the aging process, we examined the associations of serum γ-tocopherol levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Subjects/Methods Among participants in the biorepository subcohort of the Multiethnic Cohort Study, pre-cancer diagnostic serum γ-tocopherol levels were measured in a subset of 3904 men and 4461 women. Of these, 22.7% of men and 13.5% of women died during a mean follow-up time of 9.6±2.6 years. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for mortality associated with γ-tocopherol were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Positive associations of serum γ-tocopherol with all-cause, cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality (CVD) (Ptrend<0.05) were detected after adjusting for age, race-ethnicity and serum cholesterol levels. The respective HRs (95%CIs) for the highest versus the lowest sex-specific γ-tocopherol quartile were 1.43 (1.17–1.74), 1.79 (1.22–2.64), and 1.52 (1.10–2.11) for men and 1.58 (1.25–2.00), 1.59 (1.05–2.41), and 1.59 (1.07–2.37) for women. Associations remained significant for all-cause mortality among women after further adjusting for smoking variables and history of cancer, CVD, diabetes, and hypertension at cohort entry (highest vs. lowest γ-tocopherol quartile: HR=1.38; 95%CI=1.08–1.75; Ptrend= 0.005). Overall, associations with all-cause mortality were consistent across race/ethnicity and were significant in three of ten sex-specific racial/ethnic groups in the fully adjusted models with no interactions between ethnicity and γ-tocopherol. Conclusions The positive association between γ-tocopherol and mortality suggests a potential physiological role for γ-tocopherol in response to pathological conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of serum γ-tocopherol levels with mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

et al. 2019

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“…γ-Tocopherol, unlike α-tocopherol, possesses anti-inflammatory activity [23] and its levels are observed to rise in response to inflammatory signals [24, 25]. Therefore, the elevated serum γ-tocopherol levels in OB individuals may signify a response to systemic inflammation associated with obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between obesity and serum lipid-soluble micronutrients among premenopausal women

et al. 2010

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Elucidating potential pathways that micronutrients may reduce/promote chronic disease may contribute to our understanding of the underlying etiology of disease and their utility as markers of risk. In the current study, we examined associations of serum lipid soluble micronutrients with body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized that obesity may differentially influence serum micronutrient levels, thereby affecting risk for chronic disease incidence and mortality. Baseline serum samples from 180 premenopausal women from a nutritional trial were analyzed for leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), carotenoids, and tocopherols. Participants were stratified into normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9), and obese (≥ 30) subgroups by BMI (kg/ m 12 ). Differences in serum biomarkers among BMI subgroups were adjusted for Asian ethnicity and smoking status. As expected, obese individuals had significantly higher serum levels of leptin and CRP (P's < 0.05) compared to normal weight women. γ-Tocopherol levels were significantly higher in obese individuals (P < 0.05), while α-tocopherol levels did not differ among BMI subgroups. Serum levels of 25(OH)D and carotenoids (except lycopene) were significantly lower in obese than in normal weight women (P's < 0.05). The associations between BMI and carotenoids were independent of dietary intake. The obesity-associated reduction for total pro-vitamin A carotenoids (45%) was approximately 3-fold greater than that observed for non pro-vitamin A carotenoids (16%). Our results indicate potential influences of obesity on serum levels of lipid soluble micronutrients and suggest that metabolism of pro-vitamin A carotenoids may contribute to the differences observed.

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“…α-tocopherol is the most abundant, accounting for 46.87%-54.42% of the total tocopherols and tocotrienols, followed by γ-tocopherol. While α-tocopherol is considered to be of most biological importance as a the vitamin E analogue, γ-tocopherol is reported to be more effective in preventing cellular damage induced by cytokines [42] .…”

Section: Content and Composition Of The Tocopherols And Tocotrienolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Pinus koraiensis L. Nut Oils from Different Extraction Technologies

Hou

Jihong

2018

Grain & Oil Sci. and Technol.

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In this study, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol compositions of Pinus koraiensis L. nut oils were evaluated, and the impact of different extraction technologies on the overall quality of pine nut oil was assessed. All the pine nut oils had pleasant and characteristic odor and flavor of the pine nuts and the flavor of the oil from hot-pressing was strongest. The oils obtained by hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction had less deterioration, indicating hexane extraction and sub-critical extraction preserve the oil quality well. Gas chromatography showed that the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (45.36%-45.91%), followed by oleic acid (26.91%-27.10%), and pinolenic acid (13.33%-13.63%), respectively. The oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake and sub-critical extraction were richer in tocopherols and tocotrienols, namely, 37.52 and 36.18 mg/100g, respectively, with α-tocopherol most abundant. The pine nut oils from hexane extraction of cold-pressed cake, hexane extraction, cold pressing, and sub-critical extraction had better oxidation stability with the oxidation induction times of 6.91, 5.27, 4.96 and 4.93 h, respectively. Based on its features, P. koraiensis nut oil may have the multiple application in edible oil, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry. P. koraiensis can be one of the good woody candidates for closing the gap between the demand and production of vegetable oils.

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Mechanisms of Phytochemical Inhibition of Carcinogenesis: Elucidating the Role of γ-Tocopherol in Nutrition

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Association of serum γ-tocopherol levels with mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Association of serum γ-tocopherol levels with mortality: the Multiethnic Cohort Study

Associations between obesity and serum lipid-soluble micronutrients among premenopausal women

Comparison of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Pinus koraiensis L. Nut Oils from Different Extraction Technologies

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