Mechanisms of phytohaemagglutinin-P-, concanavalin-A- and kaolin-induced oedemas in the rat

Lewis, Alan J.; Cottney, Jean; Nelson, David J.

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(76)90347-2

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It has been reported that the inflammatory response to kaolin induction was mediated by kinins and mainly by prostaglandins. 15) Therefore, our data further suggest the anti-inflammatory activity of sacran which could be at least partially through inhibition of prostaglandins biosynthesis.…”

Section: Fig 6 Effects Of Sacran On Tpa-induced Skin Inflammation Isupporting

confidence: 54%

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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Novel Polysaccharide Sacran Extracted from Cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum in Various Inflammatory Animal Models

Motoyama

Tanida

Hata

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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The goal of this study was to investigate the topical anti-inflammatory effects of the megamolecular polysaccharide sacran extracted from cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum using various inflammatory animal models. Sacran showed potent anti-inflammatory effects with optimum effective concentrations at 0.01 and 0.05% (w/v). Sacran markedly inhibited paw swelling and neutrophil infiltration in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Additionally, 6,7-dimethoxy-1-methyl-2(1H)-quinoxalinone-3-propionyl-carboxylic acid (DMEQ)-labeled sacran had the ability to penetrate carrageenan-induced rat paw skin rather than normal skin. Also, sacran significantly suppressed kaolin-induced and dextran-induced rat paw edema throughout the duration of the study. Key words sacran; polysaccharide; anti-inflammatory effect; phlogistic agent Inflammatory responses are complex events of the body as it delivers the appropriate defense against harmful stimuli. Inflammation is partially regulated by carbohydrates, especially sulfated glycosaminoglycans, expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and leukocyte cells. Exogenous sulfated glycans, such as heparin, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, fucosylated chondroitin sulfate and fucoidans can induce anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of these sulfated glycans are the competitive inhibition of the molecular interactions between sulfated glycans and P-selectin or L-selectin, while other mechanisms of action, such as down-regulation of chemokine and transcription factor activities can also occur.Skin operates not only as a protective physical barrier, but also as a dynamic organ that has other recognized functions, such as endogenous homeostasis, metabolism, and sensory input. Moreover, skin actively contributes in immunological regulatory processes and inflammatory responses.1) There is a wide range of dermatological conditions that include inflammatory skin disorders ranging in severity from mild skin rash to severe dermatitis. Nowadays, corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly administered to reduce the inflammation. However, they can frequently cause a number of serious adverse effects. 2,3)Hence, great efforts have been devoted towards the discovery of new and safe anti-inflammatory natural products of plant origin as alternatives. 4,5) Importantly, numerous beneficial effects of plant polysaccharides have been demonstrated on human health to exhibit a spectrum of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory effects.6,7) Meanwhile, plant polysaccharides may have the potential to induce the allergic response. Therefore, plant polysaccharides with high safety are necessary.Recently, a novel sulfated polysaccharide sacran attracts a considerable amount of attention. It is extracted from the Japanese indigenous cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum, which possesses a jelly-like extracellular matrix (ECM) with high water content (97.5-98.3%). [8][9][10][11][12] Sacran is a heteropolysaccharide composed of various s...

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Section: Fig 6 Effects Of Sacran On Tpa-induced Skin Inflammation Isupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Effects of Sacran on Kaolin-Induced Rat Paw Edema Kaolin is one of the few phlogistic agents which mediate kinins and it does so mainly by prostaglandins. 15) The results of the kaolin-induced rat paw edema are shown in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Effects Of Sacran On Carrageenan-induced Acute Edema In Rat mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Novel Polysaccharide Sacran Extracted from Cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum in Various Inflammatory Animal Models

Motoyama

Tanida

Hata

et al. 2016

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…3), at a time when significant amounts of both kinins and pros taglandins are involved [6]. This effect was again found chiefly in R rats, although the higher dose of indomethacin was equally in hibitory in both types of rat.…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

Effects of Levamisole and D-Penicillamine in Rat Paw Oedema Induced by Carrageenan and by Kaolin

Tranter¹,

West²

1979

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Levamisole potentiated paw oedema induced by carrageenan in the rat whereas penicillamine was without effect. On the other hand, levamisole inhibited paw oedema induced by kaolin, penicillamine again having no effect. The copper complex of penicillamine was inhibitory in the carrageenan test but failed to show inhibition in the kaolin model of inflammation. These results show that levamisole and penicillamine are capable of exerting anti-inflammatory activity in the rat but only under certain conditions.

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“…When injected together into the knee joint, kaolin and CGN cause moderate and transient arthritis characterized by a rapid knee swelling that is accompanied by angiogenesis, increased blood flow, leukocyte infiltration, allodynia, and hyperalgesia [11,13,14]. Intraperitoneal injection of kaolin alone induced abdominal pain (constrictions) in rodents and dose-related inflammation when injected intradermally into the rat hindpaw [21,22,23] or dorsal skin [24,25,26]. This suggests that the combination with CGN may not be necessary to induce joint pain and inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other animal model designs of nociception and inflammation, kaolin is a potent stimulator of the kallikrein-kinin system and/or prostaglandin release. Thus, kaolin leads to abdominal constrictions when injected intraperitoneally or inflammation in the rat hindpaw, dorsal skin or in the pleura when injected locally [21,22,23,24,25,26,37]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Neurokinin-1 Receptors Contribute to Kaolin-Induced Acute Monoarthritis in Rats

Camargo

Denadai‐Souza

Yshii

et al. 2015

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objective: intra-articular co-injection of kaolin with carrageenan (CGN) in rodents is widely used as an experimental model of arthritis. However, the ability of kaolin to cause arthritis and related immune responses when administered alone is unclear. We evaluated the contribution of prostanoids and sensory C-fibres (and their neuropeptide substance P) to kaolin-induced inflammation in the rat knee. Methods: Wistar rats, 8-10 weeks old, received an intra-articular injection of kaolin (1-10 μg/joint) or saline into the knee joint. Knee inflammation, proinflammatory cytokines, pain behaviour and secondary tactile allodynia were assessed over 5 h, when synovial leukocyte counts, histopathological changes and proinflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated. Results: The intra-articular injection of kaolin caused a dose- and time-dependent knee swelling and impairment of motion that were associated with secondary tactile allodynia, elevated concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, leukocyte infiltration, and histopathological changes in the ipsilateral hindpaw. The neurokinin-1 (NK₁) receptor antagonist SR140333 or neonatal treatment with capsaicin markedly reduced the inflammatory parameters, cytokines and allodynia but failed to significantly inhibit the impaired motion. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin partially inhibited knee oedema and allodynia but did not affect the leukocyte influx, myeloperoxidase activity or impaired motion in the kaolin-injected rat. Conclusions: We show the first evidence that intra-articular injection of kaolin without CGN produced severe acute monoarthritis. This was highly dependent on substance P (released from C-fibres) and NK₁ receptor activation, which stimulated local production of proinflammatory cytokines. This model may be of critical importance for mechanistic studies and screening new anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs.

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Mechanisms of phytohaemagglutinin-P-, concanavalin-A- and kaolin-induced oedemas in the rat

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Novel Polysaccharide Sacran Extracted from Cyanobacterium <i>Aphanothece sacrum</i> in Various Inflammatory Animal Models

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Novel Polysaccharide Sacran Extracted from Cyanobacterium <i>Aphanothece sacrum</i> in Various Inflammatory Animal Models

Effects of Levamisole and <i>D</i>-Penicillamine in Rat Paw Oedema Induced by Carrageenan and by Kaolin

Peripheral Neurokinin-1 Receptors Contribute to Kaolin-Induced Acute Monoarthritis in Rats

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