Mechanisms of radioresistance and the underlying signaling pathways in colorectal cancer cells

Abstract

Radiotherapy is one of the most common modalities for the treatment of a wide range of tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC); however, radioresistance of cancer cells remains a major limitation for this treatment.Following radiotherapy, the activities of various cellular mechanisms and cell signaling pathways are altered, resulting in the development of radioresistance, which leads to therapeutic failure and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Furthermore, even though several inhibitors have been developed to target tumor resistance, these molecules can induce side effects in nontumor cells due to low specificity and efficiency. However, the role of these mechanisms in CRC has not been extensively studied. This review discusses recent studies regarding the relationship between radioresistance and the alterations in a series of cellular mechanisms and cell signaling pathways that lead to therapeutic failure and tumor recurrence. Our review also presents recent advances in the in vitro/in vivo study models aimed at investigating the radioresistance mechanism in CRC. Furthermore, it provides a relevant biochemical basis in theory, which can be useful to improve radiotherapy sensitivity and prolong patient survival.

A tRF‐5a fragment that regulates radiation resistance of colorectal cancer cells by targeting MKNK1

“…Among them, radiotherapy is an essential comprehensive treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, and it substantially improves patients' quality of life and prognosis 5 . However, due to the different sensitivities of various tumours and radiotherapy stages, radiation resistance is still one of the main factors limiting radiotherapy efficacy 6 . Therefore, comprehensive research on the molecular mechanisms affecting CRC radioresistance is of great clinical significance.…”

“… 5 However, due to the different sensitivities of various tumours and radiotherapy stages, radiation resistance is still one of the main factors limiting radiotherapy efficacy. 6 Therefore, comprehensive research on the molecular mechanisms affecting CRC radioresistance is of great clinical significance.…”