Mechanisms of replacement of circulating viruses by seasonal and pandemic influenza A viruses

Furuse, Yuki; Oshitani, Hitoshi

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.08.012

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…We believe these factors may have protected children from infections due to seasonal viruses. It has also been reported that the pandemic virus can replace normal seasonal viruses due to its high initial susceptibility and basic reproduction number [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of changes in pediatric emergency department utilization during COVID-19 pandemic

Tuygun

Karacan

Göktüğ

et al. 2021

Archives de Pédiatrie

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Background : During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period, the use of emergency services with pediatric non-COVID patients has decreased considerably. We aimed to examine whether there was a change in the demographic data, triage profile, causes, management, and cost of pediatric emergency department (PED) visits of non-COVID patients during the pandemic period. Methods : This study was a retrospective, single-center, observational comparative study that was conducted at the PED. Patient records were examined during “the pandemic spring” and the same period of the previous year. Patient demographics, waiting time, and outcome of the PED visit were analyzed in the entire population of children admitted to the PED during the study period, whereas more precise data such as the reason for PED use, duration of symptoms, urgency levels according to the Emergency Severity Index (ESI), final diagnosis, management, and cost of patient care were analyzed in a sample of admitted patients. We used the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann–Whitney U test for statistical analyses. Results : A total of 62,593 PED visits occurred. During the pandemic period, PED visits showed a decrease of 55.8% compared to the previous year. Patients included in the sampling study group were selected using a systematic random sampling method. The median waiting time during the pandemic period was significantly shorter than the previous year (median 14 min [IQR: 5–32] vs. median 5 min [IQR: 2–16]; p<0.001). The median duration of symptoms was 1 day (1–2) in both groups. Emergency Severity Index (ESI) levels I, II, and III showed a significant increase (27.7% vs. 37.3%) in triage scoring compared to levels IV and V (72.3% vs. 62.7%) during the pandemic period (p<0.001). The median cost per patient during the pandemic period was statistically higher compared to the previous year ($19.57 [19.57–40.50] vs. $25.34 [31.50–52.01]; p<0.001). Overall costs during the pandemic period had a 1.6-fold decline. Conclusion : We highlighted the changes in an ordinary PED profile during an extraordinary period. A shift in ESI levels in a more emergent direction was observed. While the number of nonurgent patients, especially those with infections, decreased, the rates of surgical cases, acute neurological and heart diseases, home accidents, and poisoning increased relative to the pre-pandemic period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of changes in pediatric emergency department utilization during COVID-19 pandemic

Tuygun

Karacan

Göktüğ

et al. 2021

Archives de Pédiatrie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The consequences of antigenic variation can include persistent viral infection 4 , pandemics of diseases 5 , and reinfection after recovery 6,7 . Antigenic variation can also impact therapeutics or vaccine efficacy, as it confounds development of treatments and vaccines that can protect against diverse viral strains 7-9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral population genomics reveals host and infectivity impact on SARS-CoV-2 adaptive landscape

Gayvert

Copin

McKay

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Public health surveillance, drug treatment development, and optimization of immunological interventions all depend on understanding pathogen adaptation, which differ for specific pathogens. SARS-CoV-2 is an exceptionally successful human pathogen, yet complete understanding of the forces driving its evolution is lacking. Here, we leveraged almost four million SARS-CoV-2 sequences originating mostly from non-vaccinated naive patients to investigate the impact of functional constraints and natural immune pressures on the sequence diversity of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Overall, we showed that the SARS-CoV-2 genome is under strong and intensifying levels of purifying selection with a minority of sites under diversifying pressure. With a particular focus on the spike protein, we showed that sites under selection were critical for protein stability and virus fitness related to increased infectivity and/or reduced neutralization by convalescent sera. We investigated the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 B and T cell epitopes and determined that the currently known T cell epitope sequences were highly conserved. Outside of the spike protein, we observed that mutations under selection in variants of concern can be associated to beneficial outcomes for the virus. Altogether, the results yielded a comprehensive map of all sites under selection across the entirety of SARS-CoV-2 genome, highlighting targets for future studies to better understand the virus spread, evolution and success.

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“…Initiation of seasonal influenza epidemics is mostly associated with rate of influenza virus change, strain replacement, availability of susceptible hosts and climatic conditions [ 44, 45 ]. Further study of virus interference is warranted and could inform our understanding of human respiratory diseases that exhibit temporal trends such as exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, otitis media and allergic rhinitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic diversity, circulation patterns and co-detections among rhinoviruses in Queensland, 2001

Arden

Greer

Wang

et al. 2020

Access Microbiology

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Purpose Rhinoviruses (RVs) occur more frequently than other viruses and more often in people displaying symptoms than in those without. We sought to estimate the spectrum of RV diversity, RV species seasonality and to analyse RV involvement in respiratory virus co-detections. Methodology A convenience collection of 1179 airway sample extracts from patients with suspected respiratory infections, collected during 2001, was subjected to comprehensive molecular testing. Results RVs were the most common virus detected. We were able to genotype ~90 % of RV detections, identifying 70 distinct RVs, spanning all three species. RV-Bs were under-represented. We found RV species co-circulated at times, although one species usually dominated. Each species displayed a bimodal distribution. Conclusion Notably, RVs and influenza A viruses (IFAV) seldom co-occurred, supporting their roles as primary pathogens of the airway among acutely ill infants. Whether RV circulation has a moderating or controlling effect on the IFAV season or is controlled by it cannot be determined from these data. Despite the frequent perception that RVs commonly co-occur with another virus, our findings indicated this was not always the case. Nearly 80 % of RV detections occurred alone. Understanding more about population-level interference between viruses may allow us to harness aspects of it to generate a non-specific antiviral intervention that mimics a putative protective effect. For routine respiratory virus screening to best serve the patient, RV testing should be a principal component of any acute respiratory illness testing algorithm throughout the year.

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Mechanisms of replacement of circulating viruses by seasonal and pandemic influenza A viruses

Abstract: The findings of this study on replacement mechanisms could lead to a better understanding of virus transmission dynamics and may possibly be helpful in establishing an effective strategy to mitigate the impact of seasonal and pandemic influenza.

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Evaluation of changes in pediatric emergency department utilization during COVID-19 pandemic

Evaluation of changes in pediatric emergency department utilization during COVID-19 pandemic

Viral population genomics reveals host and infectivity impact on SARS-CoV-2 adaptive landscape

Genotypic diversity, circulation patterns and co-detections among rhinoviruses in Queensland, 2001

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