Mechanisms of Speciation - A Population Genetic Approach

Templeton, Alan R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.es.12.110181.000323

Cited by 670 publications

(459 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…In contrast, Cepaea belongs to the highly diverse European snail fauna, suggesting that competition and the availability of ecological niches could be important factors determining the amount and rate of speciation. Although the possible importance of competition for speciation has been recognized (e.g., Hutchinson, 1968;Rosenzweig, 1978;Littlejohn, 1981), most recent discussions of the diversity of modes of speciation have emphasised the patterns of genetic change (Bush, 1975;White, 1978;Templeton, 1981). Since genetic variation and subdivision are poor predictors of speciation, however, it may be worthwhile to give greater emphasis to the ecological perspective in searching for controls of speciation.…”

Section: Discussion (I) Genetic Divergence and Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive compatibility despite large-scale genetic divergence in Cepaea nemoralis

1984

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SUMMARYCepaea nemoralis is remarkable for its geographic variation for both shell polymorphism and allozymes. An electrophoretic study of 20 loci revealed genetic identities as low as 0-53 between English and Italian populations. Despite this genetic divergence, crosses among American, English, and Italian stocks demonstrate that populations of C. nemoralis are reproductively compatible on a continental scale.This reproductive compatibility in the face of large-scale genetic divergence indicates the danger of using a genetic index to assess reproductive relationships. The decoupling of genetic divergence from speciation emphasizes the limitations of viewing the process of speciation solely in genetic terms. A comparison of Cepaea with another genus of land snails, Partula, suggests that competition may be an important determinant of the likelihood of speciation.C. nemoralis from Lexington, Virginia, were included in the matings and electrophoretic comparisons, in order to test conflicting proposals on the origin of that population. Both sets of data favour a British, rather than an Italian, origin, but are also compatible with earlier evidence that the Lexington population is of hybrid origin.

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Section: Discussion (I) Genetic Divergence and Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive compatibility despite large-scale genetic divergence in Cepaea nemoralis

1984

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“…Major gene differences might be more likely under natural selection than under genetic drift (Templeton, 1981) and dominance might indicate the direction of evolution. The genetic coupling hypothesis predicts that signals and responses will have common genetic control (Butlin & Ritchie, 1989).…”

Section: Pheromonal and Visual Signals And Associated Responses Havmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-ordination of the sexual signalling system and the genetic basis of differentiation between populations in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Butlin

1996

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Substrate-transmitted sexual signals and female responses to synthetic male signals were analysed for three populations of brown planthopper, Nilaparata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Mean female preferences closely match mean male signal pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) in each population, despite marked differences among populations in PRF of both male and female signals. Female response windows (the range of male signal PRFs that elicit responses) were similar in all populations and wide relative to male signal variation. The Wright-Castle-Lande method was used to estimate the number of loci affecting differences between populations in male and female sexual signals and female preferences. Estimates obtained using the Lande formulae were compared with estimates from an iterative modelfitting approach. No sex linkage was observed. The characters conformed to the expectations of additive inheritance, with directional dominance in two cases. Estimates for the number of loci involved in signal characters were low, ranging from 1.4 to 5.3. After corrections for bias in the estimation method, estimates range from 2 to 16 but are still substantially lower than the recombination index of about 25. Estimates of the number of loci influencing female preference were unreliable. The two estimation methods gave compatible results but the iterative estimation method made better use of the data and gave clearer guidance on the support for the estimates. The results are discussed in the light of potential causes of divergence in sexual signalling systems.

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“…Because reinforcement acts through selection against hybrids, it occurs where species hybridize and can result in 'reproductive character displacement' (RCD); a pattern of stronger reproductive isolation in sympatric versus allopatric regions of a species' range [2]. While historically controversial [3,4], reinforcement has now been observed in a wide range of taxonomic groups, including fungi [5,6], animals [7][8][9], and plants [10,11]. Reinforcement could, therefore, be common during the 'completion' of speciation [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated evolution of male and female reproductive traits drive a cascading effect of reinforcement inDrosophila yakuba

2016

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Selection against maladaptive hybridization can drive the evolution of reproductive isolation in a process called reinforcement. While the importance of reinforcement in evolution has been historically debated, many examples now exist. Despite these examples, we typically lack a detailed understanding of the mechanisms limiting the spread of reinforced phenotypes throughout a species' range. Here we address this issue in the fruit fly Drosophila yakuba, a species that hybridizes with its sister species D. santomea and is undergoing reinforcement in a well-defined hybrid zone on the island of São Tomé. Within this region, female D. yakuba show increased postmating-prezygotic (gametic) isolation towards D. santomea when compared with females from allopatric populations. We use a combination of natural collections, fertility assays, and experimental evolution to understand why reinforced gametic isolation in D. yakuba is confined to this hybrid zone. We show that, among other traits, D. yakuba males from sympatric populations sire fewer progeny than allopatric males when mated to allopatric D. yakuba females. Our results provide a novel example of reinforcement acting on a postmating-prezygotic trait in males, resulting in a cascade of reproductive isolation among conspecific populations.

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Mechanisms of Speciation - A Population Genetic Approach

Cited by 670 publications

References 219 publications

Reproductive compatibility despite large-scale genetic divergence in Cepaea nemoralis

Reproductive compatibility despite large-scale genetic divergence in Cepaea nemoralis

Co-ordination of the sexual signalling system and the genetic basis of differentiation between populations in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Correlated evolution of male and female reproductive traits drive a cascading effect of reinforcement inDrosophila yakuba

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