Mechanisms of spur and groove development and implications for reef platform evolution

Duce, Stephanie; Dechnik, Belinda; Webster, Jody M.; Hua, Quan; Sadler, James; Webb, Gregory E.; Nothdurft, Luke D.; Salas-Saavedra, Marcos; Vila‐Concejo, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106155

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…For detailed information on this system the reader is referred to Duce et al . (2016, 2020). Width of groove ca 1 m. Photograph sources: Geocoastal Research Group, University of Sydney, Australia.…”

Section: Factoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine carbonate factories: Review and update

Reijmer

2021

Sedimentology

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The carbonate factories model, as defined at the beginning of the century, provides a subdivision of marine carbonate sediment production-systems based on the style of carbonate precipitation. The main factors controlling marine carbonate precipitation are light, water temperature, nutrients, salinity, substrate and carbonate saturation. Site-specific controls influencing the systems comprise ocean currents, upwelling and non-upwelling systems, ocean-atmosphere systems, atmospheric systems, shallow-water dynamics, and terrestrial sediment and water input.Each factory has its own sediment-production window linking optimal sediment production with selected environmental controls. Sediment production in the tropical factory (T-factory) is light and temperature-dependent and negatively impacted by nutrients. Sediment production and export depends on the size of the shallow-water areas within the photic zone. The cold-water-coral factory (CWC-factory) is nutrient-dependent, but lightindependent. Sediment production relates to nutrient supply enabling the growth of the cold-water corals. The cool-water factory (C-factory) displays a strong link to nutrients and water temperature, with parts that are lightdependent, for example, sediment production in kelp dominated environments. The sediment mineralogy and sediment production area within the high-energy hydrodynamic zone govern sediment distribution with sediment behaviour comparable to siliciclastics. The microbial/mud-mound factory (M-factory) is nutrient-dependent and to some extent temperature and lightindependent. Sediment production and export is referred to here as slope shedding and links to the main sediment production on the upper slope. The planktic factory (P-factory) depends on variations in light, temperature and nutrients resulting in fluctuating pelagic fall-out.Platform morphologies and slope profiles are also factory specific: Tfactories show a rimmed flat-topped platform with adjacent exponential slopes or a carbonate ramp morphology; CWC-factories display mound morphologies with steep slopes; C-factories are associated with open shelf systems and Gaussian shaped slope profiles; while M-factories are characterized by individual steep-sided mounds or flat-topped platforms with deepened margins and a linear shaped slope profile. The P-factory provides biotic grains to all environments and at times, like for the Cretaceous, may dominate sedimentation patterns in the basin realm.The sequence stratigraphic patterns substantially differ between factories. The T-factory being light-dependent is characterized by higher sediment production when the platform tops are flooded (highstand shedding). It displays decoupled sediment wedges with the partial infill of accommodation in the shallow-water realm and major sediment export towards the slopes and surrounding basins. The CWC-factory is marked by in situ production and deposition with limited sediment export forming single CWC spots or

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Section: Factoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine carbonate factories: Review and update

Reijmer

2021

Sedimentology

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“…Rubble morphology is indicative of its hydrodynamic environment, but less understood is how these morphological outcomes define rubble‐based communities. Shallow spur and groove systems on coral reefs are characterized by high‐intensity hydrodynamics that causes frequent rubble movement (Duce et al, 2016, 2020, 2022). Perhaps unsurprisingly, we found that rubble from the groove was distinct morphologically and as a biome, representing an extreme case of low rubble complexity and reduced biodiversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical drivers of cryptic biodiversity on coral reefs

Wolfe

Kenyon

Desbiens

et al. 2023

Ecological Monographs

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Declines in habitat structural complexity have marked ecological outcomes, as currently observed in many of the world's ecosystems. Coral reefs have provided a model for such changes in marine ecosystems; still our understanding has been centered on corals and fishes at broad spatial scales when metazoan diversity on coral reefs is dominated by small cryptic taxa (herein: “cryptofauna”). Given the paucity of studies and high taxonomic complexity of the cryptofauna, both of which limit a priori hypotheses, we asked whether hierarchical structuring theory provides a compelling framework to impose order and quantify patterns. In general terms, we explored whether cryptic communities are sufficiently described by broad seascape parameters or limited by a set of processes operating at their distinctly nested microhabitat scale. To address this theory and gaps in knowledge for the cryptofauna, we characterized community structure in coral rubble, an eroded coral condition where biodiversity proliferates. Rubble was sampled along a depth and exposure gradient at Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, to parameterize environmental and morphological indicators of sessile taxa and motile cryptofauna communities. We used a hierarchical study framework from microhabitat to seascape scales, which were evaluated using nonstructured multivariate analyses and Bayesian structural equation modeling. While the nonstructured analyses showed the effects of seascape on the cryptobenthos and its community, this approach overlooked the finer hierarchical patterns in rubble ecology revealed only in the structured model. Seascape parameters (exposure and depth) influenced microhabitat complexity (i.e., rubble branchiness), which determined the cover of sessile organisms on rubble pieces, which shaped the motile cryptofauna community. Rubble is likely to be increasingly prevalent on coral reefs in the Anthropocene and is typically associated with low seascape‐level complexity and reduced macrofaunal richness. Parallel with hierarchical structuring theory, we showed a similar response operating at the microhabitat scale whereby low rubble complexity (i.e., branchiness) reduced cryptobenthic structure, diversity and size spectra. In a future ocean, we expect there may be an initial increase in biodiversity and trophodynamic processes derived from branching rubble, but a delay in ecosystem‐scale outcomes if coral, and thus rubble, generation and complexity is not sustained.

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“…Percentage of soft relief <0.2, 0.2-0.5, 0.5-1.0, 1.0-1.5, and >1.5 in height. In the Florida Keys, spur-and-groove reefs are comprised of coalesced coral fragments cemented into hardbottom substrate that has undergone generations of coral growth in the direction of dominant wave energy and sediment accretion [71][72][73]. Therefore, habitat type was classified according to four types: (i) contiguous spur-and-groove, (ii) rubble dominated, (iii) isolated reef structure, or (iv) a matrix of habitat types.…”

Section: S-hardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Variation in Coral Assemblages and Reef Habitat Complexity among Shallow Fore-Reef Sites in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

2022

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With the unprecedented degradation and loss of coral reefs at multiple scales, the underlying changes in abiotic and biotic features relevant to the three-dimensional architecture of coral reefs are critical to conservation and restoration. This study characterized the spatiotemporal variation of habitat metrics at eight fore-reef sites representing three management zones in the Florida Keys, USA using visual habitat surveys (2017–2018) acquired before and after Hurricane Irma. Post-hurricane, five of those sites were surveyed using structure-from-motion photogrammetry to further investigate coral morphology on structural complexity. Multivariate results for visual surveys identified moderate separation among sites, with fished sites characterized by complex physical features such as depth and vertical hard relief while protected sites generally harbored high abundances of live coral cover. Three-dimensional models of mapped sites showed within site variation as another driver in site separation. Additionally, fine-scale orthoimage analyses identified significant differences in dominant coral morphologies at each mapped site. This study suggests protected reef sites generally harbor higher live coral cover despite some fished sites being structurally similar in seabed topography. Our work provides fine-scale spatial data on several managed sites within a marine sanctuary and highlights the contribution of diverse coral assemblages to the coral reef framework.

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Mechanisms of spur and groove development and implications for reef platform evolution

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Marine carbonate factories: Review and update

Marine carbonate factories: Review and update

Hierarchical drivers of cryptic biodiversity on coral reefs

Spatiotemporal Variation in Coral Assemblages and Reef Habitat Complexity among Shallow Fore-Reef Sites in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

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