Mechanisms of sunscreen failure

Wright, Mandy Warthan; Wright, Steve; Wagner, Richard F.

doi:10.1067/mjd.2001.113685

Cited by 100 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Sunscreen creams may be washed from the skin during swimming; this could explain the greater rate of sunburns in swimmers than in nonswimmers [6]. The same authors demonstrated that women use sunscreens more often than men and apply sunscreens more frequently on the sun-exposed parts of the body.…”

mentioning

confidence: 67%

Factors Influencing the Amount of Topical Preparations Applied

Matveev

Maibach²

2002

Exog Dermatol

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The studies on the application of topical preparations are reviewed. The data obtained demonstrate that in most cases the quantities of sunscreens, industrial protective creams and topical medications may differ greatly on different anatomic sites and may also vary due to numerous factors. The data on influencing factors in various studies were partially controversial, therefore a possible study design is suggested to resolve these controversies. It is also suggested that the standard layer thickness of sunscreens, used by standardization authorities to evaluate the sun-protective factor, should be reviewed, due to the evident failure of the majority of sunbathers to comply with the standard layer thickness used now by the ASA (2 mg/m²) or DIN (1.5 mg/m²). It is also important to have a standard of applied amounts of topical medications to be able to compare the effectiveness and bioequivalence of different topical medications precisely. The use of special delivery methods (such as flurandrenolide tape) demonstrates one approach to the standardization of topical treatment dosing.

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confidence: 67%

Factors Influencing the Amount of Topical Preparations Applied

Matveev

Maibach²

2002

Exog Dermatol

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“…It is therefore an unsettling observation that increased sunscreen use has coincided with an increase in skin cancer. Most notably the incidence of melanoma has risen, although the relationship between the effects of sunscreens upon melanoma is hotly debated [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Complicating the traditional concept of photoprotection is our limited understanding of the photochemistry UV filters undergo in the skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sunscreen enhancement of UV-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin

Hanson

Gratton

Bardeen

2006

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

200

141

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“…92,93 With normal bathing, physical activity, and towelling, the SPF of a single application of sunscreen at 2 mg/cm 2 was reduced by 40% and 55% after 4 and 8 hours, respectively. 94 Hence, sunscreen must be reapplied frequently, especially under more active conditions.…”

Section: 91mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 2: Primary Prevention of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

Barber

Searles

Vender³

et al. 2015

J Cutan Med Surg

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Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), including basal and squamous cell carcinoma (BCC and SCC), represents the most common malignancy. Objective: To provide guidance to Canadian health care practitioners regarding primary prevention of NMSC. Methods: Structured literature searches were conducted, using search terms including prevention, sunscreen, and sun prevention factor. All recommendations concern guidance that physicians should regularly discuss with their patients to help establish photoprotection habits. The GRADE system was used to assign strength to each recommendation. Results: Ultraviolet exposure is the major modifiable risk factor for NMSC. Aspects of photoprotection, including effective sunscreen use and avoidance of both the midday sun and artificial tanning, are discussed. Several widespread misunderstandings that undermine responsible public health measures related to sun safety are addressed. Conclusions: Photoprotection represents both an individual priority and a public health imperative. By providing accurate information during routine patient visits, physicians reinforce the need for ongoing skin cancer prevention. RésuméContexte : De tous les cancers, le carcinome cutané (non-mélanome), y compris le carcinome basocellulaire et le carcinome spinocellulaire, est le plus fréquent. Objectif : Fournir des conseils aux professionnels canadiens de la santé au sujet de la prévention du carcinome cutané. Méthodologie : On a effectué des recherches documentaires structurées à l'aide de divers mots clés, dont « prévention », « écran solaire » et « facteur de protection solaire ». Toutes les recommandations que nous avons repérées portent sur des conseils dont les médecins devraient régulièrement discuter avec leurs patients pour les aider à adopter des habitudes de photoprotection. On a utilisé l'échelle GRADE pour évaluer la pertinence de chacune des recommandations. Résultats : L'exposition aux rayons UV est le plus important facteur de risque modifiable du carcinome cutané. Certains aspects de la photoprotection, entre autres l'utilisation efficace d'un écran solaire, l'évitement du soleil de mi-journée et l'évitement du bronzage artificiel, sont examinés. Plusieurs croyances erronées répandues nuisent aux mesures de santé publique en matière de protection contre le soleil. Conclusions : La photoprotection constitue autant une priorité personnelle qu'un impératif de santé publique. En fournissant des renseignements précis aux patients lors des visites de routine, les médecins insistent sur la nécessité d'une prévention continue du cancer de la peau.

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Mechanisms of sunscreen failure

Cited by 100 publications

References 8 publications

Factors Influencing the Amount of Topical Preparations Applied

Factors Influencing the Amount of Topical Preparations Applied

Sunscreen enhancement of UV-induced reactive oxygen species in the skin

Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 2: Primary Prevention of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer

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