Mechanisms of value-learning in the guidance of spatial attention

Anderson, Brian A.; Kim, Haena

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2018.05.005

Cited by 44 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Evidence from both behavior (e.g., Anderson & Kim, 2019a, 2019b; Anderson & Yantis, 2012; Kim & Anderson, 2019a) and neuroimaging (e.g., Anderson et al, 2014, 2016; Anderson, 2017, 2019; Kim & Anderson, 2020a, 2020b) in the case of value-driven feature-based attention, and behavior in the case of value-driven spatial attention (Anderson & Kim, 2018a, 2018b; Liao & Anderson 2020b), suggest a common influence on the oculomotor system. This opens up the possibility of a common network of brain regions subserving both modes of value-modulated orienting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…More recently, some studies have demonstrated that reward learning can also guide spatial attention (Anderson & Kim, 2018a, 2018b; Chelazzi et al, 2014; see also Liao & Anderson, 2020b). In Anderson and Kim (2018a), participants learned to associate a region in space within distinctive object-rich scenes with reward. After this learning, they performed a visual search task superimposed on the scenes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural Correlates of Value-Driven Spatial Attention

Liao

Kim

Anderson

2021

Preprint

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Reward learning has been shown to habitually guide spatial attention to regions of a scene. However, the neural mechanisms that support this bias in spatial orienting are unknown. In the present study, participants learned to orient to a particular quadrant of a scene (high-value quadrant) to maximize monetary gains. This learning was scene-specific, with the high-value quadrant varying across different scenes. During a subsequent test phase, participants were faster at identifying a target if it appeared in the high-value quadrant (valid), and initial saccades were more likely to be made to the high-value quadrant. fMRI analyses during the test phase revealed learning-dependent priority signals in the bilateral caudate tail and superior colliculus, frontal eye field, substantia nigra, and insula, paralleling findings concerning feature-based value-driven attention. In addition, ventral regions typically associated with scene selective and spatial information processing, including the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and temporo-occipital cortex, were also implicated. Taken together, our findings offer new insights into the neural architecture subserving value-driven attention, both extending our understanding of nodes in the attention network previously implicated in feature-based value-driven attention and identifying a ventral network of brain regions implicated in rewards influence on scene-dependent spatial orienting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Correlates of Value-Driven Spatial Attention

Liao

Kim

Anderson

2021

Preprint

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“…Evidence for the association between awareness and probabilistic reward learning is mixed in the spatial domain. Anderson and Kim (2018) trained participants to associate differential reward with different regions of real-world scenes. The spatial bias acquired through this training influenced a subsequent, unrelated visual search task: participants preferentially looked at the previously high-reward area of the screen and were faster finding a target there even when there was no task-related motivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spatial bias toward highly rewarded locations is associated with awareness.

Sisk¹,

Remington²,

Jiang

2020

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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Mounting evidence suggests that monetary reward induces an incidentally-learned selection bias toward highly rewarded features. It remains controversial, however, whether learning of reward regularities has similar effects on spatial attention. Here we ask whether spatial biases toward highly rewarded locations are learned implicitly, or are instead associated with explicit knowledge of reward structure. Participants completed a hybrid search/choice task involving multiple targets among multiple distractors. Targets garnered varying magnitudes of reward, and participants were instructed to search for targets and guess and click on the one that they thought would yield the highest reward. Unbeknownst to participants, one side of the display offered higher reward than the other. We measured the spatial bias for targets on the highreward side of the screen and probed explicit awareness via a multi-question interview. Participants who were aware of the reward structure (N=48) showed a selection bias for targets appearing on the high-reward side of the screen. Contrary to previous findings, unaware participants (N=24) showed only a significant central bias, despite spending just as much time on the task. The strong association between explicit awareness and reward-driven spatial attention in this paradigm suggests that instead of directly affecting the attentional priority map, probabilistic spatial reward learning more frequently affects attention indirectly by modulating task goals.

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“…There is also evidence that shows that different kinds of social stimuli (e.g., social feedback or social interaction) can influence learning through enhanced attentional bias (e.g., Anderson, 2016Anderson, , 2017Anderson & Kim, 2018) and learning (Goldstein & Schwade, 2008;Kuhl, 2007;Kuhl, Tsao, & Liu, 2003;Wu & Kirkham, 2010). For example, Kuhl et al (2003) examined whether 9-to-10-month-olds could learn phonetics through foreign language exposure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anticipation to Social and Nonsocial Dynamic Cues in Preschool‐Age Children

et al. 2021

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The ability to learn from expectations is foundational to social and nonsocial learning in children. However, we know little about the brain basis of reward expectation in development. Here, 3-to 4-year-olds (N = 26) were shown a passive associative learning paradigm with dynamic stimuli. Anticipation for reward-related stimuli was measured via the stimulus preceding negativity (SPN). To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure an SPN in children younger than age 6. Our findings reveal distinct anticipatory neural signatures for social versus nonsocial stimuli, consistent with previous research in older children. This study suggests an SPN can be elicited in preschoolers and is larger for social than nonsocial stimuli.We are grateful to the children and parents who participated in the study. We also thank Natalie Godfrey and Jacob Radparvar for their efforts toward data collection. Finally, we thank Tiffany Wang for her insightful feedback and efforts toward facilitating recruitment.

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Mechanisms of value-learning in the guidance of spatial attention

Cited by 44 publications

References 67 publications

Neural Correlates of Value-Driven Spatial Attention

Neural Correlates of Value-Driven Spatial Attention

A spatial bias toward highly rewarded locations is associated with awareness.

Anticipation to Social and Nonsocial Dynamic Cues in Preschool‐Age Children

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