Mechanisms of Viability in Rabbit Flank Venous Flaps

Arterialized Venous Free Flaps for Soft-Tissue Reconstruction of Digits: A 40-Case Series

“…Later, several researchers described venous free flaps in animal models. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] These experiments stimulated the clinical use of these flaps. [18][19][20][21][22][23] Wolff et al 24 concluded that arterialized venous free flaps are the safest form of venous free flaps, while venous island flaps carry a high risk of partial or total necrosis.…”

Intracapillary haemoglobin oxygenation and interstitial pO2 in venous flaps: An experimental study in rats

“…[3][4][5] In venous flow-through flaps, not only a gradient of the venous pressure but also of the pO 2 between the afferent and efferent veins was determined 6 ; it is assumed that the gas exchange in these flaps occurs on the postcapillary level by bypassing the capillary network. [7][8][9][10] Capillaroscopically, a reflux from the veins into the capillaries could not be ascertained. 11 It is also controversial for arterialised venous flaps if high-pressure inflowing blood reaches the capillaries or not.…”