Mechanisms of virus mitigation and suitability of bacteriophages as surrogates in drinking water treatment by iron electrocoagulation

Heffron, Joe; McDermid, Brad; Maher, Emily K.; McNamara, Patrick J.; Mayer, Brooke K.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.114877

Cited by 51 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For example, the oxidation rate of ferrous to ferric iron is slower at lower pH (Equation (3) [50]), resulting in a greater prevalence of reactive iron species [12,51]. Thus, lower pH leads to higher ferrous iron concentrations, which are capable of inactivating E. coli and viruses due to ferrous iron oxidation [8,28,51,52].…”

Section: Impact Of Enhanced Ec-eo For E Coli Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocoagulation as a Pretreatment for Electroxidation of E. coli

Lynn

Heffron

Mayer

2019

Water

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Insufficient funding and operator training, logistics of chemical transport, and variable source water quality can pose challenges for small drinking water treatment systems. Portable, robust electrochemical processes may offer a strategy to address these challenges. In this study, electrocoagulation (EC) and electrooxidation (EO) were investigated using two model surface waters and two model groundwaters to determine the efficacy of sequential EC-EO for mitigating Escherichia coli. EO alone (1.67 mA/cm2, 1 min) provided 0.03 to 3.9 logs mitigation in the four model waters. EC alone (10 mA/cm2, 5 min) achieved ≥1 log E. coli mitigation in all model waters. Sequential EC-EO did not achieve greater mitigation than EC alone. To enhance removal of natural organic matter, the initial pH was decreased. Lower initial pH (pH 5–6) improved E. coli mitigation during both stages of EC-EO. EC-EO also had slightly greater E. coli mitigation than EC alone at lower pH. However, EO alone provided more energy efficient E. coli mitigation than either EC or EC-EO.

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Section: Impact Of Enhanced Ec-eo For E Coli Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocoagulation as a Pretreatment for Electroxidation of E. coli

Lynn

Heffron

Mayer

2019

Water

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“…The mechanism of virus inactivation by the iron electro-coagulation process has been recently investigated ( Heffron et al, 2019a ). For adenovirus, echovirus, and feline calicivirus and bacteriophage surrogates, coagulation is quite efficient in de-contaminating the water.…”

Section: Management and Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For adenovirus, echovirus, and feline calicivirus and bacteriophage surrogates, coagulation is quite efficient in de-contaminating the water. However, the performance of ferrous ions in deactivating the virus was observed to depend on the electrostatic interactions between the ions and the viruses ( Heffron et al, 2019a ). These, in turn, are controlled by the solution chemistry of the process.…”

Section: Management and Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of socioeconomic inequality based on virus-contaminated water usage in developing countries: A review

Adelodun

Ajibade

Ighalo

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

116

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Water is an essential resource required for various human activities such as drinking, cooking, and other recreational activities. While developed nations have made significant improvement in providing adequate quality water and sanitation devoid of virus contaminations to a significant percentage of the residences, many of the developing countries are still lacking in these regards, leading to many death cases among the vulnerable due to ingestion of virus-contaminated water and other waterborne pathogens. However, the recent global pandemic of COVID-19 seems to have changed the paradigm by reawakening the importance of water quality and sanitation, and focusing more attention on the pervasive effect of the use of virus-contaminated water as it can be a potential driver for the spread of the virus and other waterborne diseases, especially in developing nations that are characterized by low socioeconomic development. Therefore, this review assessed the socioeconomic inequalities related to the usage of virus-contaminated water and other waterborne pathogens in developing countries. The socioeconomic factors attributed to the various waterborne diseases due to the use of virus-contaminated water in many developing countries are poverty, the standard of living, access to health care facilities, age, gender, and level of education. Some mitigation strategies to address the viral contamination of water sources are therefore proposed, while future scope and recommendations on tackling the essential issues related to socioeconomic inequality in developing nations are highlighted.

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“…In a typical conventional drinking water treatment process, chemical coagulation could achieve 0.1∼2.4 log unit viruses removal range with iron or aluminum coagulants [122] . The mechanism may be attributed to the physical removal of inclusions in the floc and inactivation of chemical oxidation [123] . The effect of precipitation and filtration on virus removal highly depends on the filtration technologies.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Coronaviruses In Aqueous Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%