Mechanisms underlying antiatherosclerotic properties of an enriched fraction obtained from Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.

Ilex paraguariensis extract as an alternative to pain medications

“…A less abundant fragment fount at m/z 633.401 indicated the presence of non-hydroxylated aglycone, linked to the arabinopyranosyl unit.The compound 16, at m/z 1265.618, gave fragments at m/z 941.511 and 795.453. The first bond breakdown occurs in the ester linkage on the position C28, leading to the loss of two glucosyl units, which was accompanied by the loss of rhamnosyl unit, indicating that this compound has a general structure composed of Glc-(Rha)-Ara-Agly-(Glc) 2 as in previous findings(8,10).Compounds 17, 19 and 20 appeared at m/z 1103.564. Compound 17 could be distinguished from 19 and 20 based on the fragmentation-MS profile, which was observed at m/z 779.459 and 633.401.…”

“…), dexamethasone, 0.5 mg kg -1 (s.c.), meloxicam, 5 mg kg -1 (i.p.) (10), and with concentrations of 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg -1 (p.o.) CEIP, 60 min prior to formalin.…”

Effects of Standardized Medicinal Plant Extracts on Drug Metabolism Mediated by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Enzymes

“…Another tested sample that significantly inhibited CYP3A4 activity was the extract of yerba mate. Several pharmacological effects have been attributed to this plant, such as anti-atherosclerotic, anticonvulsant, neuroprotective, , anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antiviral, cardioprotective, and hypolipidemic activities. Additionally, this plant is employed to prevent or treat osteoporosis and to reduce oxidative stress …”

Development of a Predictive Model to Induce Atherogenesis and Hepato-Renal Impairment in Female Rats

“…First, when using rats in different models of heart disease, functional changes occur rapidly (within 1 or 2 weeks), but structural changes tend to appear later (e.g., after 6–8 weeks) [25]. Second, when using other non-rodent species, such as rabbits, significant results have been obtained after 60 days of dietary exposure [26].…”