Mechanistic approaches to the light-induced neural cell differentiation: Photobiomodulation vs Low-Dose Photodynamic Therapy

Fotobiyomodülasyon ve Düşük Doz Fotodinamik Terapinin HUVEC Hücrelerindeki Anjiyogenez'e Yönelik Olası Terapötik Etkileri: Karşılaştırmalı İn Vitro Analiz

“…Another important parameter in low-dose PDT application was the energy density which should be properly optimized and not cause any significant thermal damage depending on the absorption of NIR light by cells/tissue [Ateş et al, 2018;Khorsandi et al, 2021]. According to the information in the literature, 1 J/cm 2 energy density was determined and used in PBM and low-dose PDT applications [Topaloglu and Bakay, 2022;Bölükbaşı Ateş et al, 2020;Ateş et al, 2017]. During all light treatments, the temperature change was monitored with a thermal camera and it was observed that only 0.2°C change was obtained at most, even in the presence of ICG which is a strong absorber of NIR light [Topaloglu et al, 2015].…”

“…Light therapies are important strategies to combat cancerous and non-cancerous diseases and also to accelerate healing processes recently. Specifically, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used to destroy cancer or bacterial cells and photobiomodulation (PBM) is used to enhance cell proliferation/differentiation, wound healing, and pain relief [Topaloglu and Bakay, 2022;Topaloglu et al, 2021a;Topaloglu et al, 2021b]. PBM is a non-ionizing and non-thermal light application that triggers some biochemical reactions inside the cells via mitochondria at visible and near-infrared wavelengths [Amaroli et al, 2019;de Freitas and Hamblin, 2016;Huang, 2009].…”

“…This information has opened new perspectives to the use of PDT for different strategies, instead of antibacterial or anticancer purposes. The biphasic dose-response of the cells towards PDT can be utilized and the potential of PDT to produce ROS in a controllable way can be an advantageous tool to induce cell proliferation/differentiation, wound healing, etc [Topaloglu and Bakay, 2022]. In PBM, the chromophore is the COX in mitochondria and its prevalence may determine its effectiveness [Topaloglu et al, 2021a].…”

“…In PDT, photosensitizers act as a chromophore which is administered exogenously. Thus, its concentration can be easily adjusted depending on the application type and desired outcome [Topaloglu and Bakay, 2022].…”

“…Bolukbasi Ates and their colleagues used 809-nm of wavelength in the presence of indocyanine green (ICG) to enhance the osteogenic differentiation at low energy densities and ICG concentrations [Ateş et al, 2018]. Topaloglu and Bakay used chlorin e6 (Ce6) and red light to enhance neural cell differentiation, again at low-level light parameters and photosensitizer concentration [Topaloglu and Bakay, 2022]. Another study that was performed on scratched wounds of fibroblasts showed that 660-nm of wavelength in the presence of 5-ALA induces faster wound healing [Sibata et al, 2000].…”