Mechanistic exploration of glycemic lowering by soluble dietary fiber ingestion: Predictive modeling and simulation

Qin, Yifan; Xiao, Jie; Wang, Yong; Dong, Zhizhong; Woo, Meng Wai; Chen, Xiao

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2020.115965

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Insoluble dietary fiber can slow down the absorption rate of the small intestine. It can promote intestinal motility and satiety, prevent the surge of blood glucose concentration, and reduce plasma cholesterol concentration (Cronin et al, 2021;Qin et al, 2020). Soluble dietary fiber can regulate intestinal flora and prevent metabolic syndrome (Wang et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ie Tary Fib Ermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the fruit components affecting uric acid level and their underlying mechanisms

2021

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Uric acid (UA) is produced in the liver and excreted through the kidneys and intestines. If UA is overproduced or its excretion reduces, the concentration of UA increases, leading to hyperuricemia and gout. The high concentration of UA is also related to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, and other diseases. Fruits are healthy foods. However, fruits contain fructose and small amounts of purine, and the product of their metabolism is UA. Therefore, theoretically, eating fruits will increase the concentration of serum UA. Fruit components are numerous, and their effects on serum UA are complex. According to the current research, fructose, purine, polyphenols, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and minerals present in fruits influence serum UA concentrations. In addition to the UA synthesized by fructose and purine metabolism, the mechanisms by which other components affect the concentration of serum UA can be summarized as follows: (a) inhibiting xanthine oxidase; (b) reducing reabsorption of UA; and (c) improving the excretion of UA. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the fruit components that affect serum UA concentrations, and explained their mechanisms for the first time, which references for patients with hyperuricemia to take fruits. Practical applicationsWith the rising prevalence, hyperuricemia and gout have become public health problems that endanger our daily life. The key to the treatment of hyperuricemia is to control the level of serum UA within the normal range. Fruits are healthy foods.However, fruit components are numerous, and their effects on serum UA are complex. According to the current research, fructose, purine, polyphenols, vitamin C, dietary fiber, and minerals present in fruits influence serum UA concentrations. In this review, we comprehensively discussed the fruit components that affect serum UA concentrations. We also explained their mechanisms, which references for patients with hyperuricemia to take fruits.

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Section: Ie Tary Fib Ermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the fruit components affecting uric acid level and their underlying mechanisms

2021

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“…Continuous product removal eliminates the effect of product inhibition on intestinal digestive enzymes, particularly trypsin and chymotrypsin, which were reported to exhibit product inhibition [62][63][64][65]. Based on the in-vivo data of blood nutrient concentration, the nutrient absorption process in a dynamic in-vitro model can be designed using engineering analysis of mass transfer [66][67][68].…”

Section: Engineering Aspect Of the Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro digestion models: a critical review for human and fish and a protocol for in-vitro digestion in fish

et al. 2021

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Digestive systems in human, animals, and fish are biological reactors and membranes to digest food and extract nutrients. Therefore, static and dynamic models of in-vitro digestion systems are developed to study e.g. novel food and feed before in-vivo studies. Such models are well developed for human, but not to the same extent for animals and fish. On the other hand, recent advances in aquaculture nutrition have created several potential fish meal replacements, and the assessment of their nutrient digestibility is critical in the application as a fish meal replacement. Using an in-vitro method, the assessment of an ingredient digestibility could be faster and less expensive compared to using an in-vivo experiment. An in-vitro method has been widely used to assess food nutrient digestibility for humans; however, its application for fish is still in the early stages. Both the human and fish as monogastric vertebrates share similar gastrointestinal systems; thus, the concept from the application for humans could be applied for fish. This review aims to improve the in-vitro digestion protocol for fish by adapting the concept from then study for humans, summarizing the current available in-vitro digestion model developed for human and fish in-vitro digestion study, identifying challenges specifically for fish required to be tackled and suggesting an engineering approach to adapt the human in-vitro gastrointestinal model to fish. Protocols to conduct in-vitro digestion study for fish are then proposed.

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“…The in silico model used here is a spatiotemporally distributed intestinal absorption model coupled to an established glucose–insulin regulation system. This in silico blood glucose prediction model has been validated against human clinical data with regard to the accurate prediction of human glycemic response curves following the absorption of glucose in healthy and diabetic subjects [ 15 , 22 , 23 ]. The in silico model integrates the main gastrointestinal processes including gastric emptying, transport along the small intestine, and absorption through the intestinal membrane.…”

Section: Rationales and Implementation Of The New Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in silico model integrates the main gastrointestinal processes including gastric emptying, transport along the small intestine, and absorption through the intestinal membrane. The origin and mechanism of the in silico model have been detailed in recent work [ 23 ]. With the measured in vitro convertible glucose as input data for the in silico blood glucose prediction model, the relative glucose area (RGA), and the peak blood glucose concentration (PGC) in mmol/L based on the predicted glycemic response curves can be obtained after ingesting a specified serving size of a dish or a food product.…”

Section: Rationales and Implementation Of The New Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Perspective for a Conservative Estimate of Blood Glucose Level during Restaurant Dining and Supermarket Shopping

Chen

2021

Foods

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Foods today are so diverse and enjoyable, making healthy choices difficult. In this perspective, an in vitro-in silico approach for obtaining a conservative estimate of the postprandial blood glucose concentration, which is a realistic estimate nevertheless, after intake of a certain portion of meals is proposed. The rationales and feasibilities of the approach are described and discussed to an extent. The key idea is to first measure the maximum amount of glucose released in an in vitro test under standardized conditions from a specified serving size of a meal or dish or a packaged product sold in a supermarket. The value can then be translated by a literate consumer to the highest estimate of blood glucose rise prior to purchasing or eating through an established in silico blood glucose prediction model in the medical field. The strategy proposed here would help health conscious (diabetics included) and other life quality conscious individuals to make quantitative decisions on consuming the portions of different foods of desire. This strategy may be more effective in reality compared to the conventional GI (Glycemic Index) and GL (Glycemic Load) concepts.

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Mechanistic exploration of glycemic lowering by soluble dietary fiber ingestion: Predictive modeling and simulation

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

A review on the fruit components affecting uric acid level and their underlying mechanisms

A review on the fruit components affecting uric acid level and their underlying mechanisms

In-vitro digestion models: a critical review for human and fish and a protocol for in-vitro digestion in fish

A Practical Perspective for a Conservative Estimate of Blood Glucose Level during Restaurant Dining and Supermarket Shopping

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