Mechanistic Impact of Zinc Deficiency in Human Development

Hussain, Azhar; Jiang, Wenting; Wang, Xiukang; Shahid, Shumaila; Saba, Noreena; Ahmad, Maqshoof; Dar, Abubakar; Masood, Syed Usama; Imran, Muhammad; Mustafa, Adnan

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.717064

Cited by 63 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…To surpass nutrient deficiency in the human diet, the application of agronomic workflows to increase the amount of a nutrient in the edible part of food crops, by application of fertilizers through soil or foliar spraying, is receiving increasing attention [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Among these approaches, Zn fertilization is a short-term and effective strategy [ 15 ], yet its absorption greatly depends on soil pH, organic matter concentration, antagonistic cations (especially in calcareous soils), type of Zn complex and amount of foliar spraying.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of Grapes with Zinc-Efficiency of Foliar Fertilization with ZnSO4 and ZnO and Implications on Winemaking

Daccak

Lidon

Pessoa

et al. 2022

Plants

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Grapes and wine are widely consumed in the world, yet their mineral content can be influenced by many factors such as the mineral composition of soils, viticulture practices and environmental conditions. In this context, considering the importance of Zn in the human physiology, the enrichment of Moscatel and Castelão grapes (white and red variety, respectively) with this nutrient prompted this study; further assessment is of tissue deposition and some implications for wine production. Using two foliar fertilizers (ZnO or ZnSO4, at 150, 450 and 900 g ha−1), decreases in net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance occurred in both varieties, suggesting that the physiological threshold of Zn toxicity was reached without visible symptoms. Following foliar spraying with both fertilizers, the content of Zn in leaves of the Castelão and Moscatel varieties showed higher values in all treatments relative to the control. Moreover, in grapes this tendency occurred only in Castelão. Concerning Cu, Fe, Ca, K, S and P, some significant differences also happened in leaves and grapes among treatments. At harvest, the indexes of Zn enrichment in grapes increased between 2.14- and 8.38-fold and between 1.02- and 1.44-fold in Castelão and Moscatel varieties, respectively. Zinc in the dried skin of Castelão only increased with ZnO and ZnSO4 sprayed at 900 g ha−1 (ca. 2.71- and 1.5-fold relative to the control, respectively), but in Moscatel a clear accumulation trend could not be found. The dry weight of grapes ranged (in %) between 16 and 23 (but did not vary significantly among treatments of each variety or in each treatment between varieties), and total soluble solids (e.g., mainly soluble sugars and proteins) and color parameters showed some significant variations. Through winemaking, the contents of Zn increased in both varieties (1.34- and 3.57-fold, in Castelão and Moscatel, respectively) and in all treatments, although non-significantly in Castelão. It is concluded that, to increase the contents of Zn in grapes without reaching the threshold of toxicity, ZnO or ZnSO4 can be used for foliar spraying of Castelão and Moscatel varieties until 900 g ha−1 and that winemaking augments the level of this nutrient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of Grapes with Zinc-Efficiency of Foliar Fertilization with ZnSO4 and ZnO and Implications on Winemaking

Daccak

Lidon

Pessoa

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Concerning the underlying mechanism for increased non‐fasting blood glucose, the Panel considered that the decreased zinc blood concentration may be responsible for the observed increase in blood glucose. Zinc is involved in the synthesis, processing and secretion of insulin in pancreatic β‐cells (Cole et al., 2010 ; Poudel et al., 2017 ; Hussain et al., 2022 ). Zinc takes part in the inhibition of glucagon secretion in response to high glucose concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re‐evaluation of locust bean gum (E 410) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow‐up of its re‐evaluation as a food additive for uses in foods for all population groups

Younes¹,

Aquilina²,

Castle³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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Locust bean gum (E 410) was re‐evaluated in 2017 by the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). As a follow‐up to that assessment, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to assess the safety of locust bean gum (E 410) for its uses as a food additive in food for infants below 16 weeks of age belonging to food category 13.1.5.1 (Dietary foods for infants for special medical purposes and special formulae for infants). In addition, the FAF Panel was requested to address the issues already identified during the re‐evaluation of the food additive when used in food for the general population, including the safety assessment for FC 13.1.5.1 and 13.1.5.2 (Dietary foods for babies and young children for special medical purposes as defined in directive 1999/21/EC). The process involved the publication of a call for data. Based on the received data, the Panel concluded that the technical data provided by the interested business operators support an amendment of the specifications for locust bean gum (E 410) laid down in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. The Panel identified a reference point of 1,400 mg/kg bw per day based on reduced blood zinc levels in a piglet study. It applied the margin of exposure (MoE) for the safety assessment of locust bean gum (E 410) when used as a food additive in FC 13.1.5.1 and 13.1.5.2. The Panel concluded that a MoE above 1 would not raise a safety concern. A MoE above 1 was obtained for some of the scenarios and exposure levels for infants. For toddlers (consumers only of food for special medical purposes), the MoE was above 1 for all exposure levels.

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“…Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between dietary zinc content and cancer risk. The anticancer effects of zinc are mostly related to its antioxidant properties ( 3 ). Being a trace element, zinc is essential in various metabolic processes, including protein synthesis, immune response, and gene expression ( 4 , 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc deficiency is associated with gynecologic cancer recurrence

et al. 2022

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Zinc deficiency can cause various symptoms, including hair loss, anemia, and taste disorders. Recently, the association between cancer and zinc deficiency has received much attention with respect to its antioxidant properties. However, only a few studies have investigated the association between gynecologic cancers and zinc; to date, no studies have evaluated serum zinc status at the onset of gynecologic cancer or the relationship between zinc and cancer recurrence. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether serum zinc concentrations are associated with the development of gynecologic cancer, to clarify serum zinc dynamics between the onset and recurrence of gynecologic cancer, and to identify the associated factors. Accordingly, we retrospectively determined serum zinc concentrations before treatment in gynecologic patients with benign disease or cancer at the Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital. We investigated anemia and hypoalbuminemia—the most common causes of zinc deficiency—as indicators of hyponutrition to determine the causal relationship of this deficiency with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and recurrence, which may affect zinc concentration during cancer recurrence. The results indicated that there was no difference in zinc concentration between preoperative cancer patients and noncancer patients and that serum zinc concentrations were not associated with developing gynecologic cancers. However, patients with gynecologic cancer exhibited significantly lower serum zinc concentrations following treatment, and patients with recurrent cancer were 4.8 times more likely to develop zinc deficiency than those with nonrecurrent cancer. A serum zinc concentration of <61 μg/dL was an independent predictor of recurrence. Once zinc deficiency occurred, the recurrence rate of zinc deficiency reached as high as 69%. Overall, our study indicates that zinc deficiency is associated with recurrence in gynecological cancers and physicians should monitor zinc levels during disease management.

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Mechanistic Impact of Zinc Deficiency in Human Development

Cited by 63 publications

References 88 publications

Enrichment of Grapes with Zinc-Efficiency of Foliar Fertilization with ZnSO4 and ZnO and Implications on Winemaking

Enrichment of Grapes with Zinc-Efficiency of Foliar Fertilization with ZnSO4 and ZnO and Implications on Winemaking

Re‐evaluation of locust bean gum (E 410) as a food additive in foods for infants below 16 weeks of age and follow‐up of its re‐evaluation as a food additive for uses in foods for all population groups

Zinc deficiency is associated with gynecologic cancer recurrence

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