Mechanistic insights and DFT analysis of bimetal doped styrofoam-like LaFeO3 perovskites with in-built dual redox couples for enhanced Photo-Fenton degradation of Tetracycline

Kinetic Comparison of Photocatalysis with the Photo-Fenton Process on the Removal of Tetracycline Using Bismuth-Modified Lanthanum Orthoferrite Nanostructures

“…These images depict the formation of agglomerated sphere-like nanoparticles. Notably, the incorporation of Bi into the lattices led to a reduction in the agglomeration and this is expected to contribute to better catalytic performance for doped samples . Visible pores were also observed in the surface morphology studies, which were generated due to the rapid production of a substantial volume of gas during the combustion process.…”

“…As previously discussed, the higher ionic radii of Bi compared to La in the Bi-doped catalyst are expected to induce lattice vacancies and alter the Fe–O–Fe bond length . As the band structure in perovskites is primarily influenced by the B-site element and oxygen, changes in bond length can modify the band structure . Consequently, these vacancies and modified energy levels have the potential to trap photoinduced charge carriers and inhibit their recombination.…”

“…As in Figure h, the Fe 2p spectra of the LFO-Bi0 catalyst display two distinct peaks at 710.34 and 723.96 eV attributed to the Fe 2p 3/2 and Fe 2p 1/2 , respectively, indicating the existence of Fe in the trivalent (+3) oxidation state. However, the LFO-Bi5 catalyst exhibited two additional peaks at lower binding energies of 709.14 and 723.21 eV corresponding to Fe 2+ and this would be beneficial for initiating the Fenton reactions in photo-Fenton catalysis. , The XPS spectra of O 1s were deconvoluted and are shown in Figure i. The LFO-Bi0 catalyst exhibited two distinct peaks at 528.90 and 531.22 eV corresponding to lattice oxygen (O L ) and surface-adsorbed oxygen (O ads ), respectively.…”

“…So far, various techniques have emerged to treat these pollutants, including adsorption, nanofiltration, ozonation, reverse osmosis, and biological treatments . Although these methods are useful for the removal of TC in an aqueous medium, they do exhibit notable downsides regarding high cost, significant energy consumption, sludge formation, and, most importantly, the potential for secondary contamination.…”

Effective solar light-driven isothiazolinone degradation by morphology- and oxygen vacancy-modified Gd-doped BiOCl

“…53 Meanwhile, two other less prominent peaks at 165.0 and 159.7 eV can be attributed to the polarization change generated by the surface charge effect in the photocatalyst. 54–56 The O 1s spectra of PGE-BiOCl (Fig. 2e) displayed three characteristic peaks at 529.3, 532.0, and 533.8 eV which can be assigned to the lattice oxygen in [Bi 2 O 2 ] 2+ , Ovs, and surface absorbed O 2 /H 2 O, respectively.…”