Mechanistic insights into hydroxyl radical formation of Cu-doped ZnO/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysis for enhanced degradation of ciprofloxacin under visible light: Efficiency, kinetics, products identification and toxicity evaluation

Shen, Jyun-Hong; Chiang, Tzu-Hui; Tsai, Cheng-Kuo; Jiang, Zhuwu; Horng, Jao‐Jia

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107352

Cited by 66 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Moreover, changes in the work functions of GO and ZnO facilitated electron acceptance from ZnO, further minimizing charge recombination . Consequently, the surplus charge carriers reached the surface of GO/g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO, where they plausibly engaged with water to generate hydroxyls and radicals . The ensuing interaction with MB led to an amplified degradation of the dye, highlighting the efficiency of the photocatalytic process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C₃N₄/ZnO Ternary Composites

Shakoor,

Jilani

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Methylene blue (MB) is a toxic contaminant present in wastewater. Here, we prepared various composites of graphene oxide (GO) with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) for the degradation of MB. In comparison to ZnO (22.9%) and g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO (76.0%), the ternary composites of GO/g-C 3 N 4 / ZnO showed 90% photocatalytic degradation of MB under a light source after 60 min. The experimental setup and parameters were varied to examine the process and effectiveness of MB degradation. Based on the results of the experiments, a proposed photocatalytic degradation process that explains the roles of GO, ZnO, and g-C 3 N 4 in improving the photocatalytic efficacy of newly prepared GO/g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO was explored. Notably, the g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO nanocomposite's surface was uniformly covered with ZnO nanorods. The images of the samples clearly demonstrated the porous nature of GO/g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO photocatalysts, and even after being mixed with GO, the g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO composite retained the layered structure of the original material. The catalyst's porous structure plausibly enhanced the degradation of the contaminants. The high-clarity production of g-C 3 N 4 and the effectiveness of the synthesis protocol were later validated by the absence of any trace contamination in the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results. The composition of the ZnO elements and their spectra were revealed by the EDS results of the prepared ZnO nanorods, g-C 3 N 4 /ZnO, and GO/g-C 3 N 4/ ZnO. The outcomes indicated that the nanocomposites were highly uncontaminated and contained all necessary elements to facilitate the transformative process. The results of this experiment could be applied at a large scale, thus proving the effectiveness of photocatalysts for the removal of dyes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C₃N₄/ZnO Ternary Composites

Shakoor,

Jilani

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“…When the pH increased to 6 and 8 adsorption efficiency of CIP increased by more than 50%, then decreases to 24% by increasing the pH to 10. Because the pKa1 and pK a2 of CIP are 6.09 and 8.74, respectively, it means that CIP is negatively charged (CIP − ) at pH > 8.74, due to the carboxylic groups, while the zwitterionic CIP (CIP ± ) forms become dominant in the range of pH 6.09–8.74, due to the presence of the carboxylic and amino groups of piperazine [ 44 , 45 ]. It is noteworthy that the isoelectric point (pH IEP ) value of Cu x O/MOF is 5.6, indicating that Cu x O/MOF is negatively charged at pH >5.6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Visible-Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by the CuxO/Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Nanocomposite

Tsai

Huang²,

Horng³

et al. 2023

Nanomaterials

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Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is a commonly used antibiotic, however, once in the environment, it is highly toxic with a poor biodegradability. Given these attributes, an effective strategy for the removal of CIP is urgently needed for the protection of water resources. Herein, a novel copper metal-organic framework (CuxO/MOF) multifunctional material has been produced, in this work, by the calcination of Cu-MOF urea at 300 °C, in the presence of a 5% H2 atmosphere. The morphological, structural, and thermal properties of the prepared CuxO/MOF were determined through various techniques, and its photocatalytic behavior was investigated for the degradation of CIP under visible-light irradiation. The prepared CuxO/MOF bifunctional material is presented as a graphitic carbon-layered structure with a particle size of 9.2 ± 2.1 nm. The existence of CuO-Cu2O-C, which was found on the CuxO/MOF surface, enhanced the adsorption efficiency and increased the photosensitivity of CuxO/MOF, towards the degradation of CIP in aqueous solutions. The tailored CuxO/MOF, not only shows an excellent CIP degradation efficiency of up to 92% with a constant kinetic rate (kobs) of 0.048 min−1 under visible light, but it can also retain the stable photodegradation efficiency of >85%, for at least six cycles. In addition, CuxO/MOF has an excellent adsorption capacity at pH 6.0 of the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 34.5 mg g−1 for CIP. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that CuxO/MOF is a reliable integrated material and serves as an adsorbent and photocatalyst, which can open a new pathway for the preparation of visible-light-responsive photocatalysts, for the removal of antibiotics and other emerging pollutants.

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“…A variety of reactive substances were generated in solution under different pH conditions. Regarding the active species that played a role: ˙OH 48 and ˙O 2 − 49 both played a role in the degradation of TC, and ˙OH, 50 h + 51 and 1 O 2 16 also played a role in the degradation of CIP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic degradation of different antibiotics using TiO₂–carbon composites: a case study of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin

Tian,

Huang,

Wei

et al. 2023

New J. Chem.

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Mechanistic insights into hydroxyl radical formation of Cu-doped ZnO/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysis for enhanced degradation of ciprofloxacin under visible light: Efficiency, kinetics, products identification and toxicity evaluation

Cited by 66 publications

References 67 publications

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C₃N₄/ZnO Ternary Composites

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C₃N₄/ZnO Ternary Composites

Enhanced Visible-Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by the CuxO/Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Nanocomposite

Photocatalytic degradation of different antibiotics using TiO₂–carbon composites: a case study of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin

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Mechanistic insights into hydroxyl radical formation of Cu-doped ZnO/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysis for enhanced degradation of ciprofloxacin under visible light: Efficiency, kinetics, products identification and toxicity evaluation

Cited by 66 publications

References 67 publications

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C3N4/ZnO Ternary Composites

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C3N4/ZnO Ternary Composites

Enhanced Visible-Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin by the CuxO/Metal-Organic Framework Hybrid Nanocomposite

Photocatalytic degradation of different antibiotics using TiO2–carbon composites: a case study of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin

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Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C₃N₄/ZnO Ternary Composites

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue with Graphene Oxide-Encapsulated g-C₃N₄/ZnO Ternary Composites

Photocatalytic degradation of different antibiotics using TiO₂–carbon composites: a case study of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin