Mechanistic simulation of cushion gas and working gas mixing during underground natural gas storage

Sadeghi, Sina; Sedaee, Behnam

doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103885

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To optimise the hydrogen storage process, the amount of cushion gas used in different structures needs to be analysed. The mixing processes of the cushion gas and the injected gas, as well as the interactions between the gas and liquid phases in the storage, are poorly studied [34,35,85].…”

Section: Key Research Trends-current Status and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Storage in Porous Rocks: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

Uliasz-Misiak,

Misiak,

Lewandowska-Śmierzchalska

2024

Energies

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Currently, there is an increasing number of research studies on underground storage of hydrogen in porous rocks (aquifers and depleted hydrocarbon fields). An important aspect of this process is the efficiency of hydrogen storage, which is defined as the correct operation of a storage facility (the ability to inject and withdraw an appropriate quantity of gas) and the safety of storage, which is influenced by numerous factors, including geological factors. With an increasing number of publications, gathering knowledge and keeping track of scientific progress is becoming increasingly complex. In addition to the technical interdependence of the parameters analysed, there are also interrelationships between scientific publications addressing issues related to underground hydrogen storage in porous rocks. The aim of this paper is to analyse the literature on hydrogen storage efficiency in porous rocks and, on the basis of the analysis, to identify the most important research trends and issues relevant to their implementation. This article presents an analysis of publications indexed in the SCOPUS database. The analysis included publications that contained expressions related to the relevant search phrases in their title, abstract or keywords. The dynamics of changes in the interest of researchers on the problem of hydrogen storage in porous rocks and the distribution of studies by geographical location (countries) are presented. Based on an analysis of the number of citations, the most influential publications were identified. Using the VOSviewer version 1.6.19 software, clusters reflecting research sub-areas were identified based on co-occurrence analysis, such as geological and reservoir aspects, reservoir engineering aspects, hydrogeological aspects and petrophysical aspects. Bibliometric methods have great potential for performing quantitative confirmation of subjectively delineated research fields and/or examining unexplored areas. The literature on underground hydrogen storage in porous rocks has been growing rapidly since at least 2018, with researchers conducting their studies in four major research streams: geological and reservoir aspects, reservoir engineering aspects, hydrogeological aspects and petrophysical aspects.

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Section: Key Research Trends-current Status and Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Storage in Porous Rocks: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

Uliasz-Misiak,

Misiak,

Lewandowska-Śmierzchalska

2024

Energies

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“…During the injection and extraction cycles, the cushion gas can readily expand and be compressed to maintain the desired hydrogen pressure and flow rates without being consumed [13]. This has been tested and found to be successful for natural gas storage (NGS) in both porous rocks and salt caverns [16,17]. The flow rate of hydrogen in the extraction process is arguably one of the most important factors in UHS.…”

Section: Cushion Gas In Uhsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CO 2 has been used as a reliable cushion gas for subsurface gas storage. However, its main use/actual deployment has been associated with NGS [17]. While there are experimental limited data on the use of CO 2 as a cushion gas for UHS, there are considerable research data on its use for NGS.…”

Section: Carbon Dioxide (Co 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cushion Gas Consideration for Underground Hydrogen Storage

Prigmore,

Okon-Akan,

Egharevba

et al. 2024

Encyclopedia

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Due to the increasing world population and environmental considerations, there has been a tremendous interest in alternative energy sources. Hydrogen plays a major role as an energy carrier due to its environmentally benign nature. The combustion of hydrogen releases water vapor while it also has a vast industrial application in aerospace, pharmaceutical, and metallurgical industries. Although promising, hydrogen faces storage challenges. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) presents a promising method of safely storing hydrogen. The selection of the appropriate cushion gas for UHS is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety, efficiency, and reliability of the storage system. Cushion gas plays a pivotal role in maintaining the necessary pressure within the storage reservoir, thereby enabling consistent injection and withdrawal rates of hydrogen. One of the key functions of the cushion gas is to act as a buffer, ensuring that the storage pressure remains within the desired range despite fluctuations in hydrogen demand or supply. This is achieved by alternately expanding and compressing the cushion gas during the injection and withdrawal cycles, thereby effectively regulating the overall pressure dynamics within the storage facility. Furthermore, the choice of cushion gas can have significant implications on the performance and long-term stability of the UHS system. Factors such as compatibility with hydrogen, cost-effectiveness, availability, and environmental impact must be carefully considered when selecting the most suitable cushion gas. The present study provides a comprehensive review of different types of cushion gases commonly used in UHS, including nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. By examining the advantages, limitations, and practical considerations associated with each option, the study aims to offer valuable insights into optimizing the performance and reliability of UHS systems. Ultimately, the successful implementation of UHS hinges not only on technological innovation but also on strategic decisions regarding cushion gas selection and management. By addressing these challenges proactively, stakeholders can unlock the full potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier, thereby contributing to the global transition towards a low-carbon future.

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“…In the literature, reservoir simulation studies of UNGS with cushion gas focus on demonstrating the advantageous density changes of CO 2 near its critical point in idealized reservoirs [3]; the mechanical responses to pressure build-ups in idealized, yet inclined reservoirs IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1294/1/012058 2 [4]; and simulations of working gas quality caused by mixing with cushion gas [5]. While the entry of data-driven methods has proven useful in research on CO 2 storage [6], there are to date few data-driven methodologies demonstrated for UNGS with cushion CO 2 in reservoirs or aquifers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine learning for underground gas storage with cushion CO₂ using data from reservoir simulation

Helland,

Friis,

Assadi

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Underground natural gas storage (UNGS) is a means to store energy temporarily for later recovery and use. In such storage operations, carbon dioxide (CO2) can be injected as cushion gas to improve the operating efficiency of the working gas and then be permanently stored in the same reservoir. A potential obstacle for widespread use of this technology is that the mixing of the different gases can lead to undesired CO2 production. Herein, we use a two-component flow model to simulate injection and withdrawal periods of methane (CH4) in idealized reservoirs containing CO2. First, we simulate cases with a single well for both CH4 injection and production. From 1200 simulations with systematic variation of reservoir temperature, porosity, permeability, height, and injection time, we find that the reservoir height and permeability have the most significant impact on the production time until the well stream reaches 1% mole fraction of CO2. In another set of simulations, we investigate the impact of well spacing in seasonal gas storage scenarios with separate wells for CH4 injection and production, while CO2 injection occurs from a third well. Based on the simulated data we construct artificial neural networks (ANNs) that describe the relations between the varied input parameters and the production time of CH4, well-block mole fraction and pressure. We conclude that trained and validated ANN models are useful tools to optimize important parameters for UNGS operations, including well positioning, with the aim at maximizing the amounts of delivered gas.

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Mechanistic simulation of cushion gas and working gas mixing during underground natural gas storage

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Hydrogen Storage in Porous Rocks: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

Hydrogen Storage in Porous Rocks: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

Cushion Gas Consideration for Underground Hydrogen Storage

Machine learning for underground gas storage with cushion CO₂ using data from reservoir simulation

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Mechanistic simulation of cushion gas and working gas mixing during underground natural gas storage

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Hydrogen Storage in Porous Rocks: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

Hydrogen Storage in Porous Rocks: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends

Cushion Gas Consideration for Underground Hydrogen Storage

Machine learning for underground gas storage with cushion CO2 using data from reservoir simulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Machine learning for underground gas storage with cushion CO₂ using data from reservoir simulation