Mechanistic study of attenuation of monosodium glutamate mixed high lipid diet induced systemic damage in rats by Coccinia grandis

Abstract

In the context of failure of treatment for non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-mediated systemic damages, recognition of novel and successful characteristic drug to combat these anomalous situations is earnestly required. The present study is aimed to evaluate protective value of ethanol extract of Coccinia grandis leaves (EECGL), naturally occurring medicinal plant, on NAFLD-mediated systemic damage induced by high lipid diet along with monosodium glutamate (HM)-fed rats. Our study uncovered that EECGL significantly ameliorates HM-induced hyperlipidemia, increased lipogenesis and metabolic disturbances (via up regulation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ), oxidative stress (via reducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and regulating the redox-homeostasis) and inflammatory response (via regulating the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors with concomitant down regulation of NF-kB, iNOS, TNF-α and up regulation of eNOS). Furthermore, EECGL significantly inhibited HM-induced increased population of cells in sub G0/G1 phase, decreased Bcl2 expression and thereby loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with over expression of Bax, p53, p21, activation of caspase 3 and 9 indicated the apoptosis and suppression of cell survival. It is perhaps the first comprehensive study with a mechanistic approach which provides a strong unique strategy for the management of HM-induced systemic damage with effective dose of EECGL.

Worldwide flavor enhancer monosodium glutamate combined with high lipid diet provokes metabolic alterations and systemic anomalies: An overview

“…Additionally, MSG has been directly associated with nociceptive responses such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome, musculoskeletal pain [ 11 ], etc. Furthermore, MSG also acts as a pseudo-allergic chemical that ultimately leads to Chinese restaurant syndrome and exerts inflammatory responses in the human body [ 35 , 46 , 14 ].…”

“…Further investigation on cultural factors induced rapidly increasing NR-NCD can only give insight into some of the world's most unfavorable problems [ 278 ]. A recent study by Banerjee et al (2020) suggested that MSG mixed HLD caused NAFLD mediated systemic damage via generation of ROS with altered redox-homeostasis and pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors, which ultimately leads to apoptosis possibly through p53/p21 and mitochondrial caspase-mediated signaling [ 14 ]. A recent report proposed that flavor enhancing diet generates ROS and alters the redox homeostasis that indirectly stimulate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediated infection causes novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreaks [ 294 ].…”

“…A recent study by Banerjee et al [ 14 ] suggested that MSG mixed HLD induced systemic damage could be suppressed by naturally occurring plant Coccinia grandis [ 14 ]; ethanol extract of Coccinia grandis leaves have a great source of in vivo antioxidant and free radical neutralizing activity [ 58 ] due to the presence of so many bioactive compounds with different therapeutic properties to reduce the generation of ROS in the body by MSG mixed HLD [ 14 ]. Moreover, it also beneficially attenuate metabolic disturbances, dyslipidemic condition, inflammation, programmed cell death, and combat against the effects of co-administration of monosodium glutamate mixed high lipid diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated systemic anomalies [ 14 ].…”

“…The present study aims to review the current evidence about MSG mixed HLD (MH) adverse effects on human health. A recent study by Banerjee et al [ 14 ] stated that MSG mixed HLD provokes serious hepato-cardiac anomalies by altering redox-equilibrium, inflammatory response, and programmed cell death, activating NF-kB and mitochondrial caspase-mediated pathway [ 14 ]. To confirm the relation between inflammation, redox imbalance, metabolic disarray, this study was well corroborated with earlier investigations [ [15] , [16] , [17] ].…”

Manipulation of genes could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection that causes COVID-19 pandemics

“… 3 However, coronavirus infection alters the redox-status by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by oxidative stress (OS) by manipulating host cell machinery, which causes different abnormal situations in the human body. 4 , 5 Moreover, regular consumption of a high-lipid diet alone or monosodium glutamate also disturbs the redox-equilibrium; 6 , 7 so it can hypothesize that such types of diets cause OS, which may indirectly stimulate the viral infection. Therefore, it can predict that OS plays a pivotal role in SARS-CoV-2 disorders that alter redox signaling to increase the severe acute respiratory syndrome risk.…”