Mechanistic study of drying of alkyd resins using (Z,Z)- and (E,E)-3,6-nonadiene as model substances

Hubert, Julie; Venderbosch, R. A. M.; Muizebelt, W. J.; Klaasen, R. P.; Zabel, Klaus

doi:10.1016/s0300-9440(97)00091-x

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Since, in alkyd paint drying, most of the chemistry takes place at the unsaturated fatty acid tails of the binder compound, the entire binder resin can be modeled by using compounds that structurally or chemically resemble this fatty acid chain. Dienes such as 4,7-heptadiene, 9 3,6-nonadiene, 10 and 2,5-undecadiene, 11 as well as methyl and ethyl esters of the unsaturated fatty acids linoleic, linolenic, and ricinoleic acid, [12][13][14][15] have been used as model compounds for alkyd resin precursors. An advantage of this approach, besides having a much simpler system to study, is that when model compound mixtures become 'dried', they remain liquid and consequently are more easily studied using standard analytical techniques.…”

Section: Modeling Alkyd Paintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of analytical techniques has been used to study the autoxidation of alkyd paint model compounds. These techniques include 13 C-NMR, 10-13 GC, 13 HPLC, [9][10][11] FT-IR, 14,[16][17][18] SEC, 12,13 and SIMS. 15 To screen different metal complexes quickly for their ability to enhance the 'drying' of EL, the two more useful parameters to monitor are the rate of the autoxidation reaction and the extent of the crosslinking that takes place.…”

Section: Modeling Alkyd Paintmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These aldehydes are formed through b-scission reactions of alkoxy radicals. 10 The amount of hexanal and pentanal formed during the oxidation of EL in the presence of different catalysts has been quantified by head-space GC-MS, and the results are shown in Fig. 14.…”

Section: Formation Of Volatile Byproducts During El Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A system that predominantly generates alkoxy radicals will have a lower extent of oligomerization because these radicals generally have more pathways to form other products of low molecular weights. 10 The best paint drier…”

Section: Oligomerization Of Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of new manganese complexes as potential driers for alkyd paints

Bouwman

Gorkum

2007

J Coat Technol Res

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In the search for new autoxidation catalysts, the oxidative crosslinking of ethyl linoleate (EL) has been monitored using time-resolved FT-IR (Fourier transform IR spectroscopy), size-exclusion chromatography and GC/MS (gas chromotography/mass spectroscopy). These methods seem to be quite sensitive to changes in the structure of the catalyst. It has been found that the compound [Mn(acac) 3 ] (Hacac = 2,4-pentanedione) is an efficient catalyst for the oxidation and the oligomerization of EL, which is proposed to proceed not only via hydroperoxide decomposition, but also through substrate activation. The system [Mn(acac) , and the high reactivities of these two species with hydroperoxides and with EL, respectively, are proposed as an explanation for the observed high oxidation rate.

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Section: Modeling Alkyd Paintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling Alkyd Paintmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of Volatile Byproducts During El Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oligomerization Of Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study of new manganese complexes as potential driers for alkyd paints

Bouwman

Gorkum

2007

J Coat Technol Res

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“…[13][14][15][16][17] The crosslinking mechanism involves hydrogen abstraction from allylic methylene groups by oxygen in the presence of metal catalysts, yielding a resonance-stabilized radical which further reacts with oxygen to form a hydroperoxide. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The resulting hydroperoxide is degraded by metal catalysts into radicals and reacts with the double bonds in the resin to produce chemical crosslinking. 7 For this reason, a suitable reactive diluent for air-drying alkyd paints should possess an allylic methylene group as a reactive site for efficient oxidative curing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and evaluation of tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate as a reactive diluent for air-drying alkyd paints

et al. 2010

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Environmental regulations are forcing the reformulation of many decorative and protective coatings systems. In particular, air-drying solventborne alkyd paints need to meet increasingly stringent emission limits and often must be reformulated with suitable exempt solvents or reactive diluents to achieve volatile organic compound (VOC) reduction. In the research summarized in this article, a new reactive diluent, tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate, was synthesized and evaluated in alkyd formulations for VOC reduction and property enhancement. A soy-based long-oil alkyd resin; a soy-based high-solids, long-oil alkyd resin; and a linseed-based, high-solids long-oil alkyd resin were evaluated in combination with the new reactive diluent at weight percentages ranging from 10% to 50%. Characterization included measuring viscosity, film dry times, and film performance of the reactive diluent formulations in comparison to neat alkyd resins used as control. The tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate formulations consistently exhibited reduced viscosities and dry times as a function of concentration. The resulting films were harder and more thoroughly cured than the control systems.

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Viscoelastic properties of alkyd ceramers

Sailer

Soucek

1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The viscoelastic behavior of three alkyd ceramers was studied using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). A commercial product was compared to model alkyds. The model alkyds were prepared from phthalic anhydride, glycerol, and linseed or sunflower seed oil. Three sol-gel precursors, titanium tetra-i-propoxide, titanium di-i-propoxide diacetylacetonate, and zirconium tera-n-propoxide were investigated. The alkyd ceramers were evaluated as a function of both alkyd type and a sol-gel precursor content. The viscoelastic data showed that both EЈ and T g were affected by sol-gel precursor content. Both the crosslink density and T g demonstrated a minimum at low sol-gel precursor contents. After this minimum, both the crosslink density and the T g increased substantially.

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Mechanistic study of drying of alkyd resins using (Z,Z)- and (E,E)-3,6-nonadiene as model substances

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

A study of new manganese complexes as potential driers for alkyd paints

A study of new manganese complexes as potential driers for alkyd paints

Synthesis and evaluation of tetra(2,7-octadienyl) titanate as a reactive diluent for air-drying alkyd paints

Viscoelastic properties of alkyd ceramers

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