Mechanistic study of the light-induced copolymerization of maleimide/vinyl ether systems

Synthesis of maleimide‐terminated n‐butyl acrylate oligomers by atom transfer radical polymerization: Study of their copolymerization with vinyl ethers

“…30 Many studies showed that the maleimide groups can initiate a photopolymerization reaction. [31][32][33][34] Two mechanisms of photoinitiation were proposed for the acceptor/donor systems like maleimide/vinyl ether. For the first one, the excitation of the maleimide functions by UV radiation allows to extract protons by intra-or intermolecular mechanism which gives the photoinitiation step.…”

“…A higher conversion rate of the maleimide functions in comparison with that of the vinyl ether one seems to enlighten side reactions like maleimide homopolymerization 30 or cycloaddition. 31 Moreover, this study confirmed that aliphatic maleimide-terminated oligomers allow the photoinitiation of the reaction. According to Morel et al, 29,35 the maleimide compounds can generate radicals by extraction of labile hydrogen atoms when they are in an excited state under the action of UV radiation 10,29,32,36 (Scheme 7).…”

ESR and photopolymerization study of polymerizable benzophenone photoinitiators containing functional maleimide groups

“…Significant work has been reported dealing with the use of N-substituted maleimides (MIs) as photoinitiators for free-radical polymerization [5,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In each of these cases, the MIs participate in producing radical species and will also be consumed by the copolymerization with the photo-curing resin [28], i.e., they do not remain in the final film as an extractable or photoreactive contaminant [22].…”

UV curing of a liquid based bismaleimide-containing polymer system

“…This is done by formulations which include synthesizing of new liquid BMI resins through modification of the BMI molecule with other molecules and copolymers, or dissolving BMI into reactive organic diluents. Currently, bismaleimide 36 carbon cycloaliphatic branched structure (Q-Bond) [13] and polypropylenoxide-bismaleimide (MIA) [14] are two liquid BMI resins available, though they have very high viscosity and high cost. Attempts have been made to modify BMI by other molecules and copolymers to improve the processibility [15][16].…”

“…Although thermal curing is currently the most widely used method for curing BMI, it is also relatively low in efficiency and can have high cost. More recently, UV curing has been investigated by researchers such as Decker et al [13]. The new curing method possesses many advantages, such as room temperature cure, high reaction rate, energy efficiency, low volatility of organic compound and easy control.…”