Mechanistic Toxicity Evaluation of Uncoated and PEGylated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Neuronal PC12 Cells

Abstract

We investigated and compared the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and SWCNTs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (SWCNT-PEGs) in neuronal PC12 cells at the biochemical, cellular, and gene expressional levels. SWCNTs elicited cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, and SWCNT-PEGs exhibited less cytotoxic potency than uncoated SWCNTs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were generated in both a concentration- and surface coating-dependent manner after exposure to these nanomaterials, indicating different oxidative stress mechanisms. More specifically, gene expression analysis showed that the genes involved in oxidoreductases and antioxidant activity, nucleic acid or lipid metabolism, and mitochondria dysfunction were highly represented. Interestingly, alteration of the genes is also surface coating-dependent with a good correlation with the biochemical data. These findings suggest that surface functionalization of SWCNTs decreases ROS-mediated toxicological response in vitro.

Reversing chemoresistance of malignant glioma stem cells using gold nanoparticles

“…Thus, it has been concluded that the interaction depends upon how the biological cells respond to foreign materials in general, ie, the basic mechanism of incorporation, degradation, or bioaccumulation causing cell damage and changes in gene expression. 37,38 A very common method of evaluating the effects of different substances in cell cultures is the MTT assay, which is used to measure the mitochondrial function of cells in vitro ( Figure 4A). Herein, glioma cancer stem cells were found to interact strongly with our gold nanoparticle-based drug delivery vectors.…”

Sabi̇t Ve Hareketli̇ Protezi̇n Yeni̇den Yapimi İle Esteti̇k Ve Fonksi̇yonun İyi̇leşti̇ri̇lmesi̇: Olgu Sunumu

“…57 CNTs/CNFs'de toksisitesinin ikinci kaynağı bunların iğne şekilli, uzun fibröz yapılarından kaynaklanabileceğidir. 84 Böyle bir görüşe göre CNTs/CNFs'in daha kısa ve küçük yapılması bunları daha az toksik yapar. CNTs'in toksisitesi ile ilgili sonuçların farklılığı; kullanılan teknikler, hücre tipleri, işlevsel hale getirilme oranı, yabancı maddenin varlığına dayanır.…”

Stealth nanotubes: strategies of shielding carbon nanotubes to evade opsonization and improve biodistribution

“…However, some recent reports have shown that PEG-SWNT hybrids elicit concentration-and surface density-dependent cytotoxicity in PC12 cells, caused by oxidative stress. 153 Another report suggests that PL-PEG moieties are responsible for complement activation by CNT, triggering the lectin pathway. 154 Being one of the most extensively studied and reviewed molecules, PEG and its interactions with various particles are being elaborately characterized and reported.…”