Mechanistic underpinnings of thermal gradient induced inhomogeneity in lithium plating

Fear, Conner; Parmananda, Mukul; Kabra, Venkatesh; Carter, Rachel; Love, Corey T.; Mukherjee, Partha P.

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.11.029

Cited by 56 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For inhomogeneous temperatures parallel to the electrode, plating is observed in the warmer cell regions as the higher current dominates. [ 53 ] Thereby, the location but not the severity of plating [ 57 ] is influenced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhomogeneous Aging in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Caused by Temperature Effects

2022

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Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as electrochemical energy storage devices due to their advantages in energy and power density as well as their reliability. One research focus is the cyclic lifetime of LIB, where the influence of thermal conditions during cycling is not yet completely understood. In previous publications, investigations on the cyclic aging behavior of LIB under various thermal boundary conditions are presented, including defined temperature gradients and temperature transients. Thereupon, herein, the results of cell openings and an extensive postmortem study with analyses of scanning electron micrographs, electrode thickness, X‐ray diffraction, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy are presented, evaluated, and correlated with the thermal conditions. The results reveal significant variations on the electrode and atomic scale for the different thermal boundary conditions during cycling. The electrodes exposed to a temperature gradient exhibit an inhomogeneous distribution of aging behavior that directly correlates with the local temperature. Cycling with superimposed transient temperatures reveals fundamentally different aging effects. With this knowledge, critical temperature conditions can be avoided in applications to prolong cyclic lifetime.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhomogeneous Aging in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Caused by Temperature Effects

2022

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“…At the cell scale in Figure 4e, inhomogeneity in thermal and plating signatures arise near tabs reflecting their sensitivity to cell-level design. 58,59 The regions near the positive tab experience a higher temperature due to high current density and Ohmic heating after charging (4C). The improved kinetics in warmer regions facilitate electrochemical reactions through lower overpotentials.…”

Section: Predicting Multiscale Thermal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Particle morphology design 56 and (b) heterogeneity within the electrode's microstructural arrangement57 significantly influence the performance,56 plating, and heat generation 57 in (c, d). (e) Localized heat generation induced by cell architecture heterogeneity impacts the intercalation and plating dynamics 58. SEI, solid electrolyte interface.…”

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confidence: 99%

From material properties to multiscale modeling to improve lithium-ion energy storage safety

et al. 2021

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Energy storage using lithium-ion cells dominates consumer electronics and is rapidly becoming predominant in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, but the high energy densities attained lead to the potential for release of this stored chemical energy. This article introduces some of the paths by which this energy might be unintentionally released, relating cell material properties to the physical processes associated with this potential release. The selected paths focus on the anode–electrolyte and cathode–electrolyte interactions that are of typical concern for current and near-future systems. Relevant material processes include bulk phase transformations, bulk diffusion, surface reactions, transport limitations across insulating passivation layers, and the potential for more complex material structures to enhance safety. We also discuss the development, parameterization, and application of predictive models for this energy release and give examples of the application of these models to gain further insight into the development of safer energy storage systems.

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“…After cell disassembly, each of the electrodes in the cell stack exhibit lateral variations in lithium plating, which suggests differences in local stack pressure due to the effect of tab placement (see the corresponding photos in Figure ). Prior work has shown that variations in stress due to mechanical defects, such as separator pore closure and electrode edge effects, and other thermoelectrochemical couplings leading to variations in current distribution, will affect the location and degree of lithium plating. − A 2C CCCV charge rate to 4.5 V, which is above the nominal voltage cutoff of 4.35 V for these cells, results in ∼100% amplitude attenuation on the first charge throughout the entire cell area ( t = 0.95 h in Figure c). On the subsequent discharge step, the amplitude intensities increase by ∼50% except for the tab regions, which remain completely attenuated ( t = 3.49–4.13 h).…”

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confidence: 91%

Operando 2D Acoustic Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Spatial Dynamics

Chang¹,

Steingart²

2021

ACS Energy Lett.

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Spatially sensitive operando characterization techniques provide fundamental insights into dynamic and complex electrode phase behaviors of electrochemical cells during operation. However, real-time characterization of cell-level phase behavior during fast-charging has primarily been limited to synchrotron tools. We demonstrate a significant advance in the use of acoustic characterization for batteries by enabling spatially resolved operando scanning to detect local variations in phase behavior for the entire cell area during charging at all practical rates. Amplitude attenuation during fast-charge is shown to arise from localized lithium metal plating near the welded tab locations. Differential amplitude analysis takes advantage of the electrochemical-mechanical coupling of graphite staging dynamics to visualize the varying extent of graphite lithiation at different locations on the pouch cell. These time-domain modalities are coupled with frequency-domain images from Fourier transforms. Analyzing anode-free lithium metal pouch cells demonstrates that rapid and spatially heterogeneous attenuation in suboptimal electrolytes is because of electrolyte consumption initiating from electrode edges after deposition of an initial porous layer.

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Mechanistic underpinnings of thermal gradient induced inhomogeneity in lithium plating

Cited by 56 publications

References 47 publications

Inhomogeneous Aging in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Caused by Temperature Effects

Inhomogeneous Aging in Lithium‐Ion Batteries Caused by Temperature Effects

From material properties to multiscale modeling to improve lithium-ion energy storage safety

Operando 2D Acoustic Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Spatial Dynamics

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