Mechanistic Understanding Leads to Increased Ionization Efficiency and Selectivity in Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study with Perfluorinated Compounds

Gyr, Luzia; Wolf, Jan-Christoph; Franzke, Joachim; Zenobi, Renato

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04711

Cited by 26 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An active capillary plasma ionization source, described previously 19,24 , was used in this work. Briefly, the source contains an inner electrode (ground, stainless steel, ID: 0.6 mm and OD: 1.0 mm) and an outer electrode (copper, ID:…”

Section: Active Capillary Plasma Ionization Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Nitrogen-Based Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Source for Mass Spectrometry Reveals Factors Important for Soft Ionization

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Atmospheric pressure plasma-based ionization coupled to mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical technique. However, the characteristics of existing ionization sources, especially regarding the reactive species and the effect of the discharge type on the soft ionization, are often not well described. In this work, the active capillary plasma ionization source, which is based on a dielectric barrier discharge, was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. To obtain a better understanding of the requirements for a soft ionization, several reactive species and the energy of the ionization reaction were identified. Charged reactive species such as H3O + , N2 +• , N2H + , NO + , N3 + and N4 +• as well as uncharged species (most probably the excited neutral nitrogen) were all found to contribute to the soft ionization process in dielectric barrier discharge. The energy in the plasma was determined to be in the range from 8-16 eV, based on the ionization energy of nitrogen and the measurements of tungsten hexacarbonyl. Furthermore, not only the type of reactive species was relevant for achieving a soft ionization, it was also crucial that the sample was injected through the inner electrode, which leads to nearly no direct contact with the discharge filaments.Plasma-based ambient desorption ionization mass spectrometry is a fast, simple and direct analysis of various types of samples. 1 Applications have been developed for many different fields such as bioanalytics, environmental sciences and pharmaceutical sciences. 2,3 Since the introduction of ambient ionization by Cooks et al. in 2004 4 , more than 70 different ambient ionization techniques have been reported. 5 A category of it are plasma-based ionization sources, which are able to ionize polar and nonpolar compounds with almost no fragmentation. The various plasma-based ionization sources differ mainly in the type of discharge, the type of excitation and the configuration of the electrodes. 1 The type of discharge (e.g. homogenous or filamentary discharge) depends on the plasma parameters and on the setup of the plasma source. How the type of the discharge determines whether soft ionization is possible has not been systematically studied. Moreover, the ionization process in the plasma is complex and often not completely known due to the many different constituents of a plasma, such as positive and negative ions, electrons, excited states, atoms, free radicals and photons. 6 Despite the large number of reactive species present in a plasma, most of these low-temperature plasma ionization techniques produce molecular ions (e.g. MH + , M +• , M-H -, M -• ) with nearly no fragment ions. The aim of the present study is to reveal the factors responsible for the soft ionization in a plasma-based ionization source for molecular mass spectrometry. This is not only essential for gaining insight into the ionization process but is also for the optimization of the performance of the source in real-world applications. A crucial step toward a better ...

show abstract

Section: Active Capillary Plasma Ionization Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Nitrogen-Based Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Source for Mass Spectrometry Reveals Factors Important for Soft Ionization

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A home‐built liquid‐infusion device was used to evaporate the liquid samples 11,18 . In short, as shown in Figure 2, a pressurized vial (1 bar overpressure) was connected to a hollow heating cartridge (200°C, 1.4 L/min N 2 ) through a fused‐silica capillary (40 μm ID, 30 cm length).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An active capillary plasma ionization source, which is based on a dielectric barrier discharge, was used to ionize the analytes in this work 11,18 . As shown in Figure 2, the DBDI source has two electrodes, an inner electrode (ground, stainless steel, ID: 0.6 mm and OD: 1.0 mm) and an outer electrode (high voltage, copper, ID: 1.55 mm, surrounding the glass capillary).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid analysis of fragrance allergens by dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry

Liu

Zenobi

2021

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rationale Fragrances are organic compounds with pleasant odors that are widely used in every aspect of our daily life; some fragrance ingredients can cause allergic reactions. Hence, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of fragrance allergens can prevent consumers coming into contact with these compounds. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI) source for analyzing allergens that occur in fragrances. Methods A home‐built liquid‐infusion device was used to evaporate the liquid samples. An active capillary plasma ionization source, which is based on a dielectric barrier discharge, was used to ionize the analytes. Mass spectra were acquired in positive ion mode with an LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Results Seven typical fragrance allergens were analyzed in this study. The limits of detections (LODs) were as low as 0.0001 ppm and a linear dynamic range of 2–3 orders of magnitude was achieved. Allergens in five different perfume products were successfully analyzed and quantified by this method, with analysis times of less than 1 min per sample. Conclusions This work introduces a DBDI‐MS‐based analytical method for detecting and quantifying fragrance allergens. Since DBDI has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple operation and fast analysis time, it is very suitable for the rapid analysis of trace allergens in fragrances, and could easily be used for quality control of consumer products in the cosmetics market.

show abstract

“…The mechanisms of PFAS ionization were studied with the goal of improving analytical performance of DBD ionization sources (Gyr et al, 2018). To that end, isotopically labeled species, such as 18 O 2 (ca.…”

Section: Plasma Ionization For Organic Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Plasma‐based Desorption/Ionization: From Atoms and Molecules to Chemical Synthesis

Molnar

Shelley

2020

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since the first mass spectrometry (MS) experiments were conducted by Thomson and Aston, plasmas have been used as ionization sources. Historically, plasma ion sources were used for these experiments because they were one of the few known sources of gasphase ions at the time and they were relatively simple to setup and operate. Since then, developments in plasma ionization have continued to inform and motivate advances in other areas of MS. For example, plasma-desorption MS demonstrated ionization of large peptides and polymers more than 10 years before the first descriptions of electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). As a result, significant effort was placed on development of ionization approaches, mass analysis, and detection approaches for very large molecules: even before the advent of ESI and MALDI. Since then, new analytical challenges and opportunities in plasma ionization have arisen. In this review, the emerging trends in plasma-based ionization for several areas of MS will be discussed, including molecular ionization, elemental ionization, hybrid elemental and molecular ion sources, and unique chemical transformations.

show abstract

Mechanistic Understanding Leads to Increased Ionization Efficiency and Selectivity in Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Case Study with Perfluorinated Compounds

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization of a Nitrogen-Based Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Source for Mass Spectrometry Reveals Factors Important for Soft Ionization

Characterization of a Nitrogen-Based Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization Source for Mass Spectrometry Reveals Factors Important for Soft Ionization

Rapid analysis of fragrance allergens by dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry

Modern Plasma‐based Desorption/Ionization: From Atoms and Molecules to Chemical Synthesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About