Mechanized Tree Planting in Sweden and Finland: Current State and Key Factors for Future Growth

Ersson, Back Tomas; Laine, Tiina; Saksa, Timo

doi:10.3390/f9070370

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, due to its low cost-efficiency, the proportion of mechanically planted seedlings in Finland and Sweden has been only a few percentages of the total amount of plantings over the last few years [24,25]. In this issue, Ersson et al [26] discuss the key factors that may affect the future growth of mechanized planting. They conclude that the cooperation between Sweden and Finland's forest industries and research institutes is an efficient way to enhance the mechanization level of Fennoscandian tree planting.…”

Section: New and Existing Challenges Along The Seedling Production Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling Production and the Field Performance of Seedlings

Riikonen

Luoranen

2018

Forests

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The rapid establishment of seedlings in forest regeneration or afforestation sites after planting is a prerequisite for successful reforestation. The relationship between the quality of the seedling material and their growth and survival after outplanting has been recognized for decades. Despite the existence of a substantial amount of information on how to produce high-quality seedlings, there is still a need to develop practices that can be used in nurseries and at planting sites to be able to produce well-growing forest stands in ever-changing environments. This Special Issue of Forests is focused on seedling quality and how it can be manipulated in a nursery as well as how the quality of the seedlings affects their field performance after planting.

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Section: New and Existing Challenges Along The Seedling Production Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling Production and the Field Performance of Seedlings

Riikonen

Luoranen

2018

Forests

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“…Similarly to the Nordic countries, summer plantings in July and August are also performed for different pine and spruce species in North America [6,7]. The extension of the planting season is a major prerequisite for enhancing the cost-competitiveness and facilitating the growth of the Nordic mechanized tree planting business [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration Limits on Field Storage in Closed Cardboard Boxes before Planting of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine Container Seedlings in Different Planting Seasons

Luoranen

Pikkarainen

Poteri

et al. 2019

Forests

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For spring plantings, conifer seedlings are usually packed in closed cardboard boxes and freezer stored over winter. Additionally, seedlings are increasingly being stored in cardboard boxes in spring, summer, and autumn plantings in Finland. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum safe duration for the field storage of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) container seedlings in closed cardboard boxes for different planting times (dates) in Nordic boreal conditions. In the first experiment, Norway spruce seedlings (85-cm3 peat plugs) were packed in cardboard boxes in August, September, or October, and, in the second experiment, in the middle of May. In the third Scots pine experiment, mini seedlings (30-cm3 peat plugs) were packed in May. In each experiment, the seedlings were stored in closed cardboard boxes in a nursery for one, three, seven, 14, and 21 days. The control seedlings were stored in open storage in the nursery. After storage, the seedlings were planted in a field. In all of the experiments, increased closed-box storage reduced the maximum photochemical yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in the needles, and reduced root growth after planting. The frost hardiness was weakened in the Norway spruce seedlings that were stored in closed boxes for 21 days in August and October. In the spring experiments, prolonged storage increased the mortality of seedlings. Mortality rates were high in the autumn experiment due to the exceptionally warm and dry weather. Our conclusions, being based on the short term effects of field storage, are that conifer seedlings can be stored in closed boxes for only three days in August and about a week in September, October, and spring.

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“…The practice of target planting and reforestation also demonstrates high economic development and ecological level in the abandoned farms of Brasilia [22], semiarid areas of China [23], Spain [24], etc. Besides, according to Ersson [5], mechanized tree planting is a promising method in terms of economic efficiency through training, planting plan, and technology development. An analysis of the productivity of the Swedish and Finnish forest industries shows that the technical improvement of planting machines increases economic efficiency, even if yields do not increase.…”

Section: Assessing Technological Requirements For Exploitation Of Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first target energy plantations for research purposes were planted in the USA, then in Germany and Yugoslavia, and after in Sweden [4]. In Sweden, for example, planting of fast-growing tree species for the pulp and paper industry began in the 1960s, and energy plantings of willow trees began in 1970 resulting in approximately 1% of country's annual timber harvest [5], mainly in southern and middle Sweden, where is the most favorable climate for this purpose. In Sweden, energy plantations with short cutting times are grown on an area of 1.200 ha for heat and electricity production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of the Targeted Forest Plantations

2020

J. Environ. Treat. Tech.

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Targeted reforestation refers to ecosystems with natural and artificial energy reserves. Additional energy reserves are spent on grow-ing and harvesting, various types of forest care, forest use, and delivery of products to consumers, including energy costs for all types of preparation. The wood to be harvested must be assessed on the energy consumption required for its production. The purpose of this work was to develop a comprehensive methodology to assess the energy effect, model the process of plantation operation considering the soil type, tree species, and technical parameters of operating machines. According to the estimation results of the trunk wood energy value, it has been established that depending on the growth rate and maturity level, the target plantations are divided into two types, which should be taken into account during planting and subsequent rotation. It is shown that with regard to the technological features of machine sys-tems and the type of plantation, it is necessary to consider dimensional characteristics of the planting scheme and the technological cycle of exploiting the forest plantation. The results of mathematical modeling following the technological parameters of operating machines and all types of costs showed that the cost of the selected target species for reforestation can provide sufficient profit when optimizing the machine system operations. The principle of modular division of machines system on power, technological, and transport modules is offered, which vary in purpose, criteria of parameters optimization, and indicators of work. The obtained mathematical model and meth-odology of target planting optimization can be applied in forestry and agricultural complexes, as well as become the basis for further research in this direction.

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Mechanized Tree Planting in Sweden and Finland: Current State and Key Factors for Future Growth

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Seedling Production and the Field Performance of Seedlings

Seedling Production and the Field Performance of Seedlings

Duration Limits on Field Storage in Closed Cardboard Boxes before Planting of Norway Spruce and Scots Pine Container Seedlings in Different Planting Seasons

Cultivation of the Targeted Forest Plantations

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