Mechanobiologic Studies of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Tendinopathy

Effect of ultrasound‐guided, peritendinous injections of adalimumab and anakinra in chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a pilot study

“…Existing data indicate that the initiators of the tendinopathic pathway include traumatic events, or a prolonged repetitive motion injury inducing production of proinflammatory agents (e.g., cytokines like interleukin‐1‐β (IL‐1‐β), prostaglandins like PGE 2 , NO, different growth factors, and neuropeptides) (Alfredson, 2005; Wang et al, 2007). The proinflammatory mediators induce apoptosis, elaboration of pain mediators, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), which degrade collagen and proteoglycans.…”