Mechanocatalytic Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Ammonia from Its Elements Down to Atmospheric Pressure

Reichle, Steffen; Felderhoff, Michael

doi:10.1002/anie.202112095

Cited by 57 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our experimental result determined that only a trace of CH 4 can be generated (Figure S15). [12] Compared to a planetary mill, the roll-mill releases much less energy, which has a big influence on the reaction rate. To fairly compare the two different methods, we used the generated CH 4 per kilowatt hour (kWh) as an indicator.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the scientific community, the ball-mill is frequently applied as a technique to realize high-temperature reactions at low temperature. [11,12] It has already been used for activating carbon materials, and creating very reactive carbon species, which are dangling carbon bonds. [13][14][15] Those unique applications of ball-mill give us a clue to solve the above problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme Enhancement of Carbon Hydrogasification via Mechanochemistry

et al. 2022

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Carbon hydrogasification is the slowest reaction among all carbon-involved small-molecule transformations. Here, we demonstrate a mechanochemical method that results in both a faster reaction rate and a new synthesis route. The reaction rate was dramatically enhanced by up to 4 orders of magnitude compared to the traditional thermal method. Simultaneously, the reaction exhibited very high selectivity (99.8 % CH 4 , versus 80 % under thermal conditions) with a cobalt catalyst. Our study demonstrated that this extreme increase in reaction rate originates from the continuous activation of reactive carbon species via mechanochemistry. The high selectivity is intimately related to the activation at low temperature, at which higher hydrocarbons are difficult to form. This work is expected to advance studies of carbon hydrogasification, and other solid-gas reactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Enhancement of Carbon Hydrogasification via Mechanochemistry

et al. 2022

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“…In an exhaustive study, Schüth and co‐workers [130] have recently developed a remarkable procedure for the mechanocatalytic synthesis of ammonia from H 2 and N 2 , working continuously at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. The process was first developed in a batch approach, using stainless‐steel homemade jars that resembled a traditional autoclave in their exterior design (Figure 11).…”

Section: Mechanochemistry Vs Solvent‐based Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemistry: New Tools to Navigate the Uncharted Territory of “Impossible” Reactions

et al. 2022

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Mechanochemical transformations have made chemists enter unknown territories, forcing a different chemistry perspective. While questioning or revisiting familiar concepts belonging to solution chemistry, mechanochemistry has broken new ground, especially in the panorama of organic synthesis. Not only does it foster new "thinking outside the box", but it also has opened new reaction paths, allowing to overcome the weaknesses of traditional chemistry exactly where the use of well-established solution-based methodologies rules out progress. In this Review, the reader is introduced to an intriguing research subject not yet fully explored and waiting for improved understanding. Indeed, the study is mainly focused on organic transformations that, although impossible in solution, become possible under mechanochemical processing conditions, simultaneously entailing innovation and expanding the chemical space.This publication is part of a joint Special Collection of Chemistry-Methods and ChemSusChem including invited contributions focusing on "Methods and Applications in Mechanochemistry". Please visit chemsuschem.org/ collections to view all contributions.

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“…78 Rapid developments worldwide have focused on reducing the carbon footprint of ammonia production and finding more sustainable alternatives (Fig 5B2). 79,80 Other efforts include reducing the energy consumption of the core reaction through innovations in catalysts and novel electrochemical reactions, as well as processes for CO2 capture 81 and transformations 81,82 .…”

Section: Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming the science of transformation toward sustainability: the case of ammonia and reactive nitrogen

Whalen

Matlin

Holme

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Chemistry has played a central role over the past century in the large-scale anthropogenic transformation of matter into diverse materials that have improved the quality of life for many people on our planet. The lens of chemistry is fundamentally necessary to understand the resulting flux of chemical substances in Earth system processes, the unintended consequences of those transformations, impacts on food supply security, water and energy concerns, ways to mediate and adapt to climate change, loss of biodiversity, and how best to build and maintain resilient ecosystems. Reactive nitrogen compounds (Nr) such as ammonia from the industrial fixation of atmospheric nitrogen exemplify both the central importance of chemistry in providing food and meeting basic human needs for a global population of 7.9 billion people and the sustainability challenges arising from the intended and unintended consequences of large-scale human production and release of Nr. The chemistry profession can use the Planetary Boundaries framework as a systems thinking tool to understand and address challenges facing the entire Earth system resulting from the altered biogeochemical flows of nitrogen. This analysis has compelling priority due to the roles Nr currently plays in global food production and ammonia’s potential role as an energy carrier for large-scale human activities in a future low carbon economy. As this example illustrates, navigating the complex benefits and challenges large-scale human activity imposes on Earth system processes requires the convergence of chemistry research, industrial practice, and education. Since the chemical reactions and processes that transform matter are foundational to sustainability challenges, this perspective maps multiple levels at which chemistry can contribute toward the emergence of sustainability of the Earth system. We conclude with recommendations for steps the profession of chemistry can take to make education relevant and engaging and to connect chemistry research and practice to cross-disciplinary sustainability challenges.

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Mechanocatalytic Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Ammonia from Its Elements Down to Atmospheric Pressure

Cited by 57 publications

References 42 publications

Extreme Enhancement of Carbon Hydrogasification via Mechanochemistry

Extreme Enhancement of Carbon Hydrogasification via Mechanochemistry

Mechanochemistry: New Tools to Navigate the Uncharted Territory of “Impossible” Reactions

Transforming the science of transformation toward sustainability: the case of ammonia and reactive nitrogen

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