Mechanochemical effects in degradation of nitrocellulose and nitrocellulose–diphenylamine mixture

Vyazovkin, Sergey; Dranca, Ion; Lang, Anthony J.

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2005.06.021

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Effect of pH on adsorption of DPA on MIP was studied at room temperature. Extraction efficiency (E) was calculated at different pH using following eqn (1).…”

Section: Optimization Of Ph and Batch Adsorption Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In nitrocellulose based propellants, formation of degradation products such as NO, NO 2 and HNO 3 takes place, which are responsible for further degradation of propellants. 1 In nitrocellulose based propellants, formation of degradation products such as NO, NO 2 and HNO 3 takes place, which are responsible for further degradation of propellants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diphenyl amine (DPA) is widely used as a stabilizer in nitrocellulose containing propellants (single or multi-base propellants) in missiles and other explosives. 1 In nitrocellulose based propellants, formation of degradation products such as NO, NO 2 and HNO 3 takes place, which are responsible for further degradation of propellants. DPA has the ability to bind these degradation products through nitration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A molecularly imprinted polymer with flash column chromatography for the selective and continuous extraction of diphenyl amine

2015

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The aim of this study was to prepare MIP for the selective recognition of DPA and its combination with flash column chromatography for the continuous extraction of DPA from ammunition waste. The DPA-MIP was prepared by free radical polymerization using methacrylic acid as a complexing monomer and EGDMA as a crosslinker. Methanol and acetic acid (9:1) were used as a leaching agent for DPA. MIP showed maximum adsorption capacity at pH 4. The maximum experimental adsorption capacity obtained for MIP and NIP particles were 31 mg g -1 and 10.2 mg g -1 , respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were used to analyze the experimental data of DPA adsorption on MIP. Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was very well fitted with this. Pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models were used to estimate corresponding rate parameters, equilibrium capacities and correlation coefficients. Selectivity coefficients of MIP for DPA in presence of NDPA, TNT and Tetryl were 23.14, 47.07 and 52.30, respectively. Continuous extraction of DPA was done with help of flash chromatography combined with MIP and showed more than 98 % recovery. MIP frequencies at 3378 cm -1 (secondary amine) and 1580 and 1486 cm -1 (aromatic -C=C-). It also shows aromatic -C-H bending frequencies at 683 cm -1 and 748 cm -1 respectively. None of these DPA peak is observed in MIP indicating complete leaching of DPA form the polymer matrix.From the FTIR studies of MIP, MIP-DPA and NIP it is shown that all shows -C=O stretching frequency at 1730 cm -1 , -C-O stretching at 1150 cm -1 indicating similarity of polymer nature ( fig. 3). In case of MIP-DPA, the peak at 1580 cm -1 is characteristic of DPA, which is absent in both MIP and NIP respectively as shown in fig. 3. Fig. 2 FTIR spectra of DPA, MAA, EGDMA and MIPwhere ‫ܭ‬ and ݊ are the Freundlich constants, which affects the adsorption capacity and the intensity of the adsorption, respectively. Freundlich isotherm parameters were estimated by plotting ‫ݍ݈݃‬ versus ‫ܥ݈݃‬ as shown in fig. 8 (b). All the estimated data obtained from Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model is shown in table 1. As seen in fig. 8 (b), it is suggested that Fraundlich adsorption isotherm model with R 2 0.998 is very well fitted as compare to the Langmuir model for the adsorption of DPA on MIP. Thus, Freundlich isotherm model suggests multilayer chemisorption of DPA on MIP. Fig. 8 a) Langmuir and b) Freundlich adsorption isotherm plots for adsorption of DPA on the MIP and NIP particles

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“…Effect of pH on adsorption of DPA on MIP was studied at room temperature. Extraction efficiency (E) was calculated at different pH using following eqn (1).…”

Section: Optimization Of Ph and Batch Adsorption Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A molecularly imprinted polymer with flash column chromatography for the selective and continuous extraction of diphenyl amine

2015

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“…Extending the service life of propellants in this manner can reduce stockpile management costs and maintain performance, but this requires an extensive knowledge of the safety margins and shelf lives of different propellant ingredients [26]. Thus far, research has focused mainly on the decomposition mechanism of nitrate esters and stabilizer depletion in relation to storage safety rather than longevity or ballistic properties [26][27][28][29]. The burning rate of propellants is used to design munitions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closed vessel burning behavior and ballistic properties of artificially-degraded spherical double-base propellants stabilized with diphenylamine

Tırak¹,

Moniruzzaman

Değirmenci

et al. 2019

Thermochimica Acta

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The purpose of solid propellants is to generate gas, which expands to accelerate (and spin, in the case of rifled barrels) a gun projectile so that it achieves the desired launch velocity at the muzzle. Some of the important properties of a propellant are the burning rate and vivacity, both of which strongly influence gun performance and projectile range. However, nitrate ester propellants undergo physical and chemical degradation during storage and this can change the burning rate and/or vivacity, either reducing the propulsive efficiency or increasing the safety risk to the operator during transportation and handling. Here we report the effect of aging on the burning rate and vivacity of spherical doublebase propellants containing diphenylamine (DPA) as the main stabilizer. We tested three sets of propellants that were artificially aged at 80 ºC for 5.3, 10.6 and 21.6 days, equivalent to 5, 10 or 20 years of aging at 25ºC according to STANAG 4582. It was found that DPA was progressively lost from the propellants during aging, with the greatest loss observed in propellants aged for the longest time. The DPA was able to fulfil its stabilisation role of propellant when NG was up to 14%, however, failed to stabilize when the nitroglycerin content was nearer to 20%. Aging caused changes in the burning rate and vivacity compared to the unaged propellant batch. The burning rate of propellant containing~20% nitroglycerin exceeds the burning rates of samples containing 12-14% nitroglycerin. The limited role of DPA as a stabilizer for double-base propellants is discussed. The DPA stabilized double base propellant may undergo significant changes during storage, making them unsuitable for their designated use.

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Novel molecularly imprinted polymer based on β -cyclodextrin@graphene oxide: Synthesis and application for selective diphenylamine determination

Sedghi

Heidari

Yassari

2017

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Mechanochemical effects in degradation of nitrocellulose and nitrocellulose–diphenylamine mixture

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

A molecularly imprinted polymer with flash column chromatography for the selective and continuous extraction of diphenyl amine

A molecularly imprinted polymer with flash column chromatography for the selective and continuous extraction of diphenyl amine

Closed vessel burning behavior and ballistic properties of artificially-degraded spherical double-base propellants stabilized with diphenylamine

Novel molecularly imprinted polymer based on β -cyclodextrin@graphene oxide: Synthesis and application for selective diphenylamine determination

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