Mechanochemical modification of natural rubber

Mikhaylov, I. A.; Sukhareva, K. V.; Andriasyan, Yu. O.; Попов, А. А.; Vorontsov, N. V.

doi:10.1063/1.4966446

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Chlorinated paraffins are widely available raw materials classified as low-hazard substances and do not require additional protective measures during handling (unlike gaseous chlorinating compounds). Previously, the effectiveness of using this CP for halogenation purposes was demonstrated [32,33].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Swelling-Induced Halogenation of Butyl Rubber Using Polychlorinated N-Alkanes: Structure and Properties

Sukhareva,

Sukharev,

Levina

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Traditional butyl rubber halogenation technology involves the halogenation of IIR using molecular chlorine or bromine in a solution. However, this method is technologically complex. This study investigated a novel method for the halogenation of butyl rubber to enhance its stability and resistance to thermal oxidation and aggressive media. The butyl rubber was modified through mechanochemical modification, induced by solvent swelling in a polychlorinated n-alkane solution. During the modification, samples were obtained with chlorine content ranging from 3 to 15%. After extraction, the halogen content was quantitatively determined with the oxygen flask combustion method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was shown that for samples with total chlorine content of up to 6%, there was almost no leaching of chlorine from the samples. The chemical structure of the extracted rubbers was ascertained using FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, and it was demonstrated that all samples showed absorption peaks and signals typical for chlorobutyl rubbers. It was observed that modification with polychlorinated n-alkanes improved the thermal and oxidative stability (the oxygen absorption rate decreased by 40%) and chemical resistance, estimated by the degree of swelling, which decreased with the increase in the chlorine content. This technology allows the production of a chlorinated rubber solution that can be directly used by rubber goods manufacturers and suppliers.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Swelling-Induced Halogenation of Butyl Rubber Using Polychlorinated N-Alkanes: Structure and Properties

Sukhareva,

Sukharev,

Levina

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Natural rubber is an important industrial raw material and strategic resource, the products of which are important in the fields of transportation, national defense, and the military industry [1]. The excellent resilience, electrical insulation properties, wear resistance, airtightness, and flexibility of natural rubber make it widely used in people's daily life, in the areas of medicine, hygiene, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Rubber Tapping Machines in Intelligent Agriculture: A Review

et al. 2022

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In the past decade, intelligent technologies have advanced rapidly, particularly due to improvements in automatic control, which have had a significant impact on forestry, as well as animal husbandry and the future of farm management. However, the degree of production and management mechanization in natural rubber plantations is low, especially since the methods of tapping still rely heavily on labor. The decrease of skilled rubber tappers and the increase in labor costs have led to the development of the mechanization of rubber tapping operations. The application of emerging intelligent agricultural technologies could provide an alternative in order to maximize the potential productivity of natural rubber. Based on this vision, we reviewed the literature on rubber tapping from the past decade for system implementation in rubber plantations. In this review, selected references on rubber tapping were categorized into several directions of research, including rubber tapping machines, the key technologies applied in tapping operations, and some related protective research, analyzing research works from 2010 to 2022 that focused on tapping methods. The review also discusses the application of intelligent agricultural technologies, such as the recognition of tapping trajectory and tapping path planning. A summary of challenges and future trends is also provided in this study. Based on the relevant research, the use of intelligent technologies in rubber tapping machines is still in its initial stage and has broad prospects. Through this study, we aim to provide a reference for researchers in the field of rubber tapping machines and thus to play a positive role in future rubber tapping.

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“…However, there has been another approach in order to overcome the biggest disadvantage of such matrices: very high cost. Some researchers consider hybrid materials based on synthetic matrices such as low density polyethylene (LDPE) [7,8], linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) [9] and high density polyethylene (HDPE) [10], isotactic polypropylene (iPP) [11], natural rubber [12], or thermoplastic starch (TPS) [13,14] with natural fillers. This concept has several advantages including usage of agricultural and industrial waste as fillers, such as wood flour [15], cellulose [16], flax straw [17], banana [18], hemp, kenaf, wheat [19], rice [20], corn fibers [21], and marine residues of animal origin (e.g., chitin from shrimp shell) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocomposites of Low-Density Polyethylene Plus Wood Flour or Flax Straw: Biodegradation Kinetics across Three Environments

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this study was to assess the potential for biocomposite films to biodegrade in diverse climatic environments. Biocomposite films based on polyethylene and 30 wt.% of two lignocellulosic fillers (wood flour or flax straw) of different size fractions were prepared and studied. The developed composite films were characterized by satisfactory mechanical properties that allows the use of these materials for various applications. The biodegradability was evaluated in soil across three environments: laboratory conditions, an open field in Russia, and an open field in Costa Rica. All the samples lost weight and tensile strength during biodegradation tests, which was associated with the physicochemical degradation of both the natural filler and the polymer matrix. The spectral density of the band at 1463 cm−1 related to CH2-groups in polyethylene chains decreased in the process of soil burial, which is evidence of polymer chain breakage with formation of CH3 end groups. The degradation rate of most biocomposites after 20 months of the soil assays was greatest in Costa Rica (20.8–30.9%), followed by laboratory conditions (16.0–23.3%), and lowest in Russia (13.2–22.0%). The biocomposites with flax straw were more prone to biodegradation than those with wood flour, which can be explained by the chemical composition of fillers and the shape of filler particles. As the size fraction of filler particles increased, the biodegradation rate increased. Large particles had higher bioavailability than small spherical ones, encapsulated by a polymer. The prepared biocomposites have potential as an ecofriendly replacement for traditional polyolefins, especially in warmer climates.

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Mechanochemical modification of natural rubber

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Solvent Swelling-Induced Halogenation of Butyl Rubber Using Polychlorinated N-Alkanes: Structure and Properties

Solvent Swelling-Induced Halogenation of Butyl Rubber Using Polychlorinated N-Alkanes: Structure and Properties

The Development of Rubber Tapping Machines in Intelligent Agriculture: A Review

Biocomposites of Low-Density Polyethylene Plus Wood Flour or Flax Straw: Biodegradation Kinetics across Three Environments

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