Graphene exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties. Therefore, it presents remarkable potential application in "carbon neutral" technologies. We have recently developed a green mechanochemical method for preparation of edge-selectively hydroxylated graphene nanosheets using persulfate as the milling reagent. The asprepared graphene exhibited the typical intrinsic properties of graphene and good dispersity in water. The preparation process did not require organic solvents, it involved low energy consumption, and produced little eco-friendly waste. Based on the aforementioned study, we designed an experiment on the green preparation, characterization, and applications of graphene. Various instrumental analytical methods were used to explore the structure and physicochemical properties of graphene and the applications of graphene as an energy storage material. We also compared the properties of the as-prepared graphene with those of graphene samples previously reported in the literature. This experiment should cultivate student ability to comprehensively use basic chemistry knowledge to solve real-life problems, stimulate their innovative thinking, and cultivate their "green chemistry" consciousness.