Mechanochemical synthesis of sodium tungsten bronze nanocrystalline powders

Formation of tetragonal hydrogen tungsten bronze by reactive mechanical alloying

“…Several electropositive elements can form tungsten bronzes by intercalation among the WO 6 octahedra. Alkaline metal bronzes are the most studied bronzes [1,2], but also alkaline earth metals, transition metals [1], rare earths [1,3] and hydrogen [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] have been incorporated into the WO 3 structure. These materials show a very rich crystallographic chemistry and very interesting electronic properties due to its metallic conductivity, produced by the electron mobility.…”

“…In this case the hydrocarbons are the source of hydrogen, and the tetragonal structure is obtained. The mechanochemical route was also used to obtain sodium tungsten bronze by milling Na+m-WO 3 under Ar [2].…”

Synthesis of Sodium Niobate Powders by Mechanochemical Processing

“…The diffraction peaks of the starting powder mixture show that the mixture consists of monoclinic Na 2 CO 3 and monoclinic Nb 2 O 5 . To quantify the formation of NaNbO 3 , the relative peak intensities of NaNbO 3 and Nb 2 O 5 were calculated using the equations: [21][22][23] Rel. I NaNbO 3 ¼ I NaNbO 3 ð002Þ ðI NaNbO 3 ð002Þ þ I Nb 2 O 5 ð180ÞÞ ð1Þ…”

Synthesis of hydrogen tungsten bronzes HxWO3 by reactive mechanical milling of hexagonal WO3

“…From a crystallographic point of view, they belong to the family of tungsten bronzes [6,[16][17][18], in which different electropositive elements such as alkaline metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals and rare earths are intercalated among the WO 6 octahedra. These materials show a very rich crystallographic chemistry and very interesting electronic properties due to its metallic conductivity, produced by the electron mobility [12,14,15].…”