Mechanochemical synthesis of zincite doped with cadmium in various amounts

Abstract

This work investigates the limit of Cd doping in ZnO derived by means of mechanochemical synthesis using CdCl2, ZnCl2 and Na2CO3 as precursors and NaCl as diluent. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR ATR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS),N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), while photocatalytic efficiency has been evaluated for methylene blue degradation process. Zn for Cd replacement limits in the crystal lattice of ZnO derived via mechanochemical synthesis were found to be only 2%. For Cd present in a larger portion, CdO and CdCO3 phases appear. Cd doping limits in ZnO were not affected by the milling interval. However, it was observed that Cd doping impairs the nanocrystallinity of ZnO. The morphology and the electronic structure of ZnO and thus photocatalytic activity was inappreciably affected by the Cd doping.

ANALYSIS OF CRYSTALLINE PHASE AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF ZnO FROM PINEAPPLE PEEL EXTRACT

“…Based on the Debye-Scherrer formula, the ZnO crystallite sizes of the samples to representatives for the 6 and 12 hours holding times were 20.68 nm and 17.55 nm, respectively. Both samples have nanocrystalline characters, namely crystallite size below 100 nm [19]. For more details related to the size of the ZnO crystallites, see Table 1 below.…”