Mechanoluminescence response to the plastic flow of coloured alkali halide crystals

Mechanoluminescence and thermoluminescence of Mn doped ZnS nanocrystals

“…However, the radiation intensity in most of the materials is too weak and difficult to detect. For better understanding of the mechanoluminescent materials significant theoretical studies have also been made on the EML, PML, and FML [21][22][23][24]. In the recent past the intense elasto-and fracto-mechanoluminescent materials have been found to have the potential for the stress sensor, fracture sensor, damage sensor, impact sensor, and for the visualizations of stress field near the crack-tip, stress distribution in the solids, and quasi-dynamic crack propagation in solids [25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Progress in triboluminescence-based smart optical sensor system

“…In the elastic region, the strain increases linearly with the stress, and the TL intensity also increased linearly with stress. In the plastic region, the strain and TL intensity also increased with stress according to the power law [58].…”

“…It can be excited by the mechanical or electrostatic interaction of dislocations with defect centers; electrification of crystal surfaces by the movement of charged dislocations; or thermal excitation in the stressed regions of solids such as colored alkali halides, II-VI compounds, alkaline-earth oxides, and metals [45]. Chandra et al [58] reported on the luminescence arising from the plastic deformation of colored alkali halides using pressure steps. In the elastic region, the strain increases linearly with the stress, and the TL intensity also increased linearly with stress.…”

“…Pressure dependence of I m and I t of g-irradiated KCl crystals (size of crystals ¼2 Â 2 Â 2 mm 3 , n F ¼1.1 Â 10 17 cm À 3 )[58].…”

Mechanoluminescence by impulsive deformation of γ-irradiated Er-doped CaF2 crystals

“…ML has found various important applications such as impact sensors in spacecrafts (the emission intensity can be used to determine the kinetic energy of impact), fracture sensor, damage sensor, sensor for stress and its distribution in the solids, crack propagation in solids and understanding of the basic mechanism of crack growth [9][10][11]. Chandra et al [4,[12][13][14][15] have presented the various theoretical studies on various kinds of ML.…”