Mechanotransduction in osteoblast regulation and bone disease

An Investigative Study Into the Relationship of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Antagonist Expression and Osteocyte Density by Region and Quadrant

“…These canaliculi contain cellular processes from neighboring osteocytes, implying communication between cells via chemical signals jumping across gap junctions (Martin, et al, 1998). (Martin, et al, 1998) Osteocytes play many roles in bone, of which sensing mechanical changes, including fluid flow, substrate strain, membrane deformation, integrin stimulation, vibration, altered gravity, and compressive loading, may be the most important (Papachroni, et al, 2009). Many believe that the mechanotransductive abilities of osteocytes are key to the initiation of bone remodeling (Papachroni, et al, 2009).…”

“…(Martin, et al, 1998) Osteocytes play many roles in bone, of which sensing mechanical changes, including fluid flow, substrate strain, membrane deformation, integrin stimulation, vibration, altered gravity, and compressive loading, may be the most important (Papachroni, et al, 2009). Many believe that the mechanotransductive abilities of osteocytes are key to the initiation of bone remodeling (Papachroni, et al, 2009). The mechanical changes are sensed by osteocytes in the neighboring area of bone and are then converted into electrical or biochemical signals.…”

“…The mechanical changes are sensed by osteocytes in the neighboring area of bone and are then converted into electrical or biochemical signals. Three coupled processes must take place for this to occur: mechanosensing, signal transduction and effector-cell response (Papachroni, et al, 2009). When one or more of the mechanosenors is triggered, intracellular enzymes are activated, as well as secretion of growth factors that regulate local osteogenesis (Papachroni, et al, 2009).…”

“…Three coupled processes must take place for this to occur: mechanosensing, signal transduction and effector-cell response (Papachroni, et al, 2009). When one or more of the mechanosenors is triggered, intracellular enzymes are activated, as well as secretion of growth factors that regulate local osteogenesis (Papachroni, et al, 2009). These changes activate transcription factors, promoting osteoblast differentiation.…”

“…The latter two can be differentiated by the interaction of bone forming and resorbing cells. While bone modeling is the sculpting of a bone's size and shape by independent osteoblast and osteoclast activity in separate regions of bone, bone remodeling requires coupled action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts to repair fatigue damage or change the internal architecture of bone (Martin, et al, 1998;Papachroni, et al, 2009). The birth of bone remodeling research is commonly credited to a Julius Wolff worked published in 1892.…”