“…9 A high dispersion in the distribution of terms is observed in natural language processing. 10 See, for example, Ritter (1984), Beatty and Welch (1996), Ljungqvist, Jenkinson, and Wilhelm (2003), Park, Borah, and Kotha (2017), Guldiken et al (2017), Bajo and Raimondo (2017), Benson et al (2015), Bertoni, Meoli, and Vismara (2014), Akyol et al (2014), Loughran and McDonald (2013), Ferris et al (2013), Ekkayokkaya and Pengniti (2012), and Liu and Ritter (2011). 11 Higher first-day returns imply more underpricing for the initial offer.…”