Medial Frontal Cortex in Action Monitoring

Luu, Phan; Flaisch, Tobias; Tucker, Don M.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-01-00464.2000

Cited by 348 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Alternatively, the ERN conflict-detection model holds that the ERN merely reflects the degree of response conflict experienced by subjects (Cohen et al, 2000;Botvinik et al, 2001). This theory fits well with data showing ERNs or anterior cingulate activity for correct responses (Carter et al, 1998;Luu et al, 2000;Scheffers and Coles, 2000;Vidal et al, 2000) and responses showing a higher degree of motor conflict (Barch et al, 2000;Gehring and Fencsik, 2001;van Veen et al, 2001). As pointed out by Paus (2001), the ERN conflict-detection model emphasizes the "evaluative" nature of the anterior cingulate cortex.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…This favors the interpretation that the internal error signal itself is unconscious and that the ERN is probably associated with the conscious perception of the errors. This view is supported by findings from Luu et al (2000), who found a linear increase in the amplitude of the ERN with increasingly late responses in a task defining late responses as errors.…”

Section: The Nature Of the Ern Componentmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans: Neurophysiological Evidence

2002

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Using event-related brain potentials, the time course of error detection and correction was studied in healthy human subjects. A feedforward model of error correction was used to predict the timing properties of the error and corrective movements. Analysis of the multichannel recordings focused on (1) the error-related negativity (ERN) seen immediately after errors in response-and stimulus-locked averages and (2) on the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) reflecting motor preparation. Comparison of the onset and time course of the ERN and LRP components showed that the signs of corrective activity preceded the ERN. Thus, error correction was implemented before or at least in parallel with the appearance of the ERN component. Also, the amplitude of the ERN component was increased for errors, followed by fast corrective movements. The results are compatible with recent views considering the ERN component as the output of an evaluative system engaged in monitoring motor conflict.

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supporting

confidence: 83%

Section: The Nature Of the Ern Componentmentioning

confidence: 56%

Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans: Neurophysiological Evidence

2002

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“…6A), we did not find any modulation of the neural activity following RTs as a function of speed, in none of the three conditions (slow hits, fast hits and errors). However, in a previous scalp-ERP study, the authors found larger errorrelated brain activity (ERN) for "late" (but still correct) responses, relative to fast (and correct) responses (see Luu et al, 2000). There are a number of methodological differences between the present experiment (using a Go-noGo task leading to a low variability in RTs, see also Fig.…”

Section: Left Dorsal Anterior Cingulate (Patient Sg)contrasting

confidence: 48%

Errors recruit both cognitive and emotional monitoring systems: Simultaneous intracranial recordings in the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and amygdala combined with fMRI

Pourtois¹,

Vocat²,

N’Diaye³

et al. 2010

Neuropsychologia

119

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We studied error monitoring in a human patient with unique implantation of depth electrodes in both the left dorsal cingulate gyrus and medial temporal lobe prior to surgery. The patient performed a speeded go/nogo task and made a substantial number of commission errors (false alarms). As predicted, intracranial Local Field Potentials (iLFPs) in dorsal anterior cingulate indexed the detection of errors, showing an early differential activity around motor execution for false alarms, relative to correct responses (either hits or correct inhibitions). More surprisingly, we found that the left amygdala also participated to error monitoring (although no emotional stimuli were used), but with a very different neurophysiological profile as compared with the dorsal cingulate cortex. Amygdala iLFPs showed a precise and reproducible temporal unfolding, characterized by an early monophasic response for correct hits around motor execution, which was delayed by ~300 ms for errors (even though actual RTs were almost identical in these two conditions). Moreover, time-frequency analyses demonstrated a reliable and transient coupling in the theta band around motor execution between these two distant regions. Additional fMRI investigation in the same patient confirmed a differential involvement of the dorsal cingulate cortex vs. amygdala in error monitoring during this go/nogo task. Finally, these intracranial results for the left amygdala were replicated in a second patient with intracranial electrodes in the right amygdala. Altogether, these results suggest that the amygdala may register the motivational significance of motor actions on a trial-by-trial basis, while the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex may provide signals concerning failures of cognitive control and behavioral adjustment. More generally, these data shed new light on neural mechanisms underlying self monitoring by showing that even "simple" motor actions recruit not only executive cognitive processes (in dorsal cingulate) but also affective processes (in amygdala).

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“…Interestingly, Luu et al (2000) showed that the ERN can also be elicited in late responses. Luu and colleagues used a deadline reaction task in which participants were told to respond within a given time interval or the response will be considered late and scored as an error.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of time pressure on verbal self-monitoring: An ERP study

Ganushchak

Schiller

2006

Brain Research

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The Error-Related Negativity (ERN) is a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) that is associated with action monitoring and error detection. The present study addressed the question whether or not an ERN occurs after verbal error detection, e.g., during phoneme monitoring. We obtained an ERN following verbal errors which showed a typical decrease in amplitude under severe time pressure. This result demonstrates that the functioning of the verbal self-monitoring system is comparable to other performance monitoring, such as action monitoring. Furthermore, we found that participants made more errors in phoneme monitoring under time pressure than in a control condition. This may suggest that time pressure decreases the amount of resources available to a capacity-limited self-monitor thereby leading to more errors. IntroductionError monitoring is an important executive function, which helps to adapt, anticipate, learn, correct, and mend the consequences of actions. The neural basis of error monitoring has become a key issue in cognitive neuroscience due to its importance to the aforementioned cognitive skills. A better understanding of its working may offer new insights into the dysfunctions of self-monitoring seen in a range of clinical conditions such as schizophrenia , opiate addicts (Forman et al., 2004), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (Gehring et al., 2000). Progress in identifying the functional characteristics of the error monitoring system has been mainly achieved through the study of an electrophysiological index thought to be associated with error processing, i.e., Error-Related Negativity (ERN; Falkenstein et al., 1991;Gehring et al., 1993). The ERN is a component of the event-related potential (ERP) that has a fronto-central scalp distribution and peaks about 80 ms after an overt incorrect response (Bernstein et al., 1995;Holroyd and Yeung, 2003;Scheffers et al., 1996). The early onset latency of the ERN with respect to the incorrect response is suggestive of an error monitoring system. The generation of the ERN has been localized in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; Dehaene et al., 1994;Holroyd and Coles, 2002). Several hypotheses of performance monitoring have been proposed to account for the ERN, for instance, the mismatch hypothesis put forward by Falkenstein et al. (1991), the response conflict hypothesis proposed by Carter et al. (1998), and the reinforcement learning theory by Holroyd and Coles (2002).The mismatch hypothesis considers the ERN as the result of a mismatch between the intended and the actual response execution (Bernstein et al., 1995). This hypothesis assumes a comparison between the internal representation of the intended correct response, arising from ongoing stimulus processing, and the internal representation of the actual

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Medial Frontal Cortex in Action Monitoring

Cited by 348 publications

References 36 publications

Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans: Neurophysiological Evidence

Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans: Neurophysiological Evidence

Errors recruit both cognitive and emotional monitoring systems: Simultaneous intracranial recordings in the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus and amygdala combined with fMRI

Effects of time pressure on verbal self-monitoring: An ERP study

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