Median infectious dose (ID50) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate MN-184 via aerosol exposure

Cutler, Timothy D.; Wang, Chong; Hoff, Steven J.; Kittawornrat, Apisit; Zimmerman, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.003

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These may have a profound impact on the risk of diseases to spread in networks (Enright & Kao, ; Nickbakhsh et al, ), potentially overestimating the risk of disease transmission. Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that air temperature is an important factor influencing the risk of disease transmission through haulage, principally by prolonging the survival of pathogens on contaminated surfaces (Cutler, Wang, Hoff, Kittawornrat, & Zimmerman, ; Dee et al, ; Dee, Martinez, et al, ; Linhares et al, ; Lowe et al, ) or affecting drivers’ behaviours when carrying out C&D protocols. Although the influence of such an external factor, as well as the impact of its seasonal variation, on the transmission probability β H still remains widely uncertain (and was therefore not considered in the present study), it only stresses further that more work is needed to properly assess the role of haulage on the risk of disease spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer network analysis unravels haulage vehicles as a hidden threat to the British swine industry

Porphyre

Bronsvoort

Gunn

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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When assessing the role of live animal trade networks in the spread of infectious diseases in livestock, attention has focused mainly on direct movements of animals between premises, whereas the role of haulage vehicles used during transport, an indirect route for disease transmission, has largely been ignored. Here, we have assessed the impact of sharing haulage vehicles from livestock transport service providers on the connectivity between farms as well as on the spread of swine infectious diseases in Great Britain (GB). Using all pig movement records between April 2012 and March 2014 in GB, we built a series of directed and weighted static multiplex networks consisting of two layers of identical nodes, where nodes (farms) are linked either by (a) the direct movement of pigs and (b) the shared use of haulage vehicles. The haulage contact definition integrates the date of the move and the duration Δs that lorries are left contaminated by pathogens, hence accounting for the temporal aspect of contact events. For increasing Δs, descriptive network analyses were performed to assess the role of haulage on network connectivity. We then explored how viruses may spread throughout the GB pig sector by computing the reproduction number R. Our results showed that sharing haulage vehicles increases the number of contacts between farms by >50% and represents an important driver of disease transmission. In particular, sharing haulage vehicles, even if Δs < 1 day, will limit the benefit of the standstill regulation, increase the number of premises that could be infected in an outbreak, and more easily raise R above 1. This work confirms that sharing haulage vehicles has significant potential for spreading infectious diseases within the pig sector. The cleansing and disinfection process of haulage vehicles is therefore a critical control point for disease transmission risk mitigation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilayer network analysis unravels haulage vehicles as a hidden threat to the British swine industry

Porphyre

Bronsvoort

Gunn

et al. 2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Differences in the infectivity among PRRSV isolates were also observed for other transmission routes. Thus, Cutler et al [12] calculated that the ID 50 for the aerosol exposure to genotype 2 isolate MN-184 was less than 2 TCID 50 while Hermann et al [13] reported an ID 50 of 10 3.1 TCID 50 for the aerosol exposure using isolate VR-2332. Regarding the sexual transmission, Benfield et al [14] estimated the ID 50 for exposure via artificial insemination to be 10 3.3 TCID 50 .…”

Section: Transmission Of Prrsvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the transmission porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between pigs and farms and impact on vaccination

Pileri

Mateu

2016

Vet Res

169

141

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is considered to be one of the most costly diseases affecting intensive pig production worldwide. Control of PRRS is a complex issue and involves a combination of measures including monitoring, diagnosis, biosecurity, herd management, and immunization. In spite of the numerous studies dealing with PRRS virus epidemiology, transmission of the infection is still not fully understood. The present article reviews the current knowledge on PRRSV transmission between and within farm, and the impact of vaccination on virus transmission.

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“…Although some rotating chambers set up in BSL3 laboratories are available for aerosol aging studies, the size of these chambers (Adams et al, 1982; Cutler et al, 2011; Ijaz et al, 1994; Karim et al, 1985) would require specialized equipment for safety issues. The MPXV is handled only in biosafety level three (BSL-3) laboratory environments and is highly regulated as a select biological agent by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of monkeypox virus aerosol suspensions in a rotating chamber

Verreault

Killeen

Redmann

et al. 2013

Journal of Virological Methods

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Summary Viral aerosols can have a major impact on public health and on the dynamics of infection. Once aerosolized, viruses are subjected to various stress factors and their integrity and potential of infectivity can be altered. Empirical characterization is needed in order to predict more accurately the fate of these bioaerosols both for short term and long term suspension in the air. Here the susceptibility to aerosolization of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), associated with emerging zoonotic diseases, was studied using a 10.7 liter rotating chamber. This chamber was built to fit inside a Class three biological safety cabinet, specifically for studying airborne biosafety level three (BSL3) microorganisms. Airborne viruses were detected by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after up to 90 hours of aging. Viral concentrations detected dropped by two logs for culture analysis and by one log for qPCR analysis within the first 18 hours of aging; viral concentrations were stable between 18 and 90 hours, suggesting a potential for the MPXV to retain infectivity in aerosols for more than 90 hours. The rotating chamber used in this study maintained viral particles airborne successfully for prolonged periods and could be used to study the susceptibility of other BSL3 microorganisms.

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Median infectious dose (ID50) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolate MN-184 via aerosol exposure

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Multilayer network analysis unravels haulage vehicles as a hidden threat to the British swine industry

Multilayer network analysis unravels haulage vehicles as a hidden threat to the British swine industry

Review on the transmission porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus between pigs and farms and impact on vaccination

Susceptibility of monkeypox virus aerosol suspensions in a rotating chamber

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