Mediating and moderating processes in the relationship between multicultural ideology and attitudes towards immigrants in emerging adults

Musso, Pasquale; Inguglia, Cristiano; Coco, Alida Lo; Albiero, Paolo; Berry, John W.

doi:10.1002/ijop.12290

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The sample used for the present study was composed of Italian adolescents growing up in a society strongly marked by Catholic tradition (Garelli, 2013). Given the high level of immigration to and through Italy, adolescents who live there grow up in a multicultural society where they have daily interactions with different ethnocultural groups (Musso, Inguglia, Lo Coco, Albiero, & Berry, 2016; Musso, Moscardino, & Inguglia, 2017). Nonetheless, the country has a long and deep-rooted religious tradition (i.e., Catholicism), which makes it suitable to investigate the impact of one’s religious identity formation on intercultural competencies.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirituality and ethnocultural empathy among Italian adolescents: The mediating role of religious identity formation processes.

Iannello¹,

Hardy²,

Musso³

et al. 2019

Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

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The current study examined the unique and combined roles of spirituality and religious identity formation processes on ethnocultural empathy among Italian youth. Spirituality was conceptualized as a desire for self-transcendence. Ethnocultural empathy entails concern for those of other cultural backgrounds. It was hypothesized that spirituality would predict ethnocultural empathy indirectly by way of religious identity commitment and in-depth exploration. Religious identity commitment is the extent to which people have invested in a particular religious worldview and community, whereas religious identity in-depth exploration is the degree to which they are actively seeking to learn more about their religious belief system. The sample included 301 Italian adolescents. Structural equation modeling revealed that spirituality positively and strongly predicted both mediators (i.e., religious identity commitment and in-depth exploration) and that it had a moderate, positive direct link to ethnocultural empathy. The mediators were in turn significantly related to ethnocultural empathy, with the link being negative for commitment but positive for in-depth exploration. Finally, both of these indirect paths from spirituality to ethnocultural empathy were statistically significant. This suggests that spirituality may improve prosocial relations with those of other cultures by encouraging people to further explore their religious worldviews.

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Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirituality and ethnocultural empathy among Italian adolescents: The mediating role of religious identity formation processes.

Iannello¹,

Hardy²,

Musso³

et al. 2019

Psychology of Religion and Spirituality

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“…Studies have shown that favorable attitudes toward multiculturalism are associated with stronger endorsement of policies that support social change for indigenous and minority groups and more liberal policies about the number and sources of immigrants (Urbiola, Willis, Ruiz‐Romero, Moya, & Esses, ; Ward & Masgoret, ). The link between the personal endorsement of multiculturalism and positive intergroup experiences has been explained in terms of decreased out‐group distance and perceived threat, greater tolerance of minorities, stronger egalitarian ideals, and a general belief that multiculturalism has positive consequences for society in general (Hui, Chen, Leung, & Berry, ; Musso, Inguglia, Lo Coco, Albiero, & Berry, ; Stupar, van de Vijver, Te Lindert, & Fontaine, ; Ward & Masgoret, ). Beyond this, personal cultural ideologies that are supportive of multiculturalism have also been related to more flexible acculturation expectations for both immigrant and native‐born groups (Arends‐Tóth & van de Vijver, ) and to higher levels of self‐esteem in minority and majority group members (Verkuyten, ).…”

Section: Psychological Contributions To the Multiculturalism Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Immigration and Multiculturalism in Context: A Framework for Psychological Research

Ward

Gale

Staerklé

et al. 2018

Journal of Social Issues

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Multiculturalism is a hotly debated issue in today's global arena. Much of the controversy arises due to different understandings of the term in public and political discourse. We argue that multiculturalism has three core components-diversity, ideology, and policy-and that heterogeneous cultural groups in multicultural societies are ultimately seeking social justice, but in different ways. Moving beyond the broad social science research to the influences and impacts of multiculturalism within psychological studies, we introduce the concept of normative multiculturalism and propose an integrative framework, presenting multiculturalism as a contextual variable and examining its impact in terms of intergroup relations and subjective well-being. We also consider how multiculturalism at the societal level can be differentially experienced by immigrants and members of the receiving community. Finally, we discuss strategies for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks of multiculturalism, reconciling differing justice conceptions, and enhancing positive outcomes for the wider society.

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“…Also, based on the assumption that the bias against one specific outgroup is, for the most part, associated with bias against other outgroups ( Hodson et al, 2017 ; Zick et al, 2008 ), we added a common second-order latent factor to generalize the variation of intergroup bias against specific groups. Moreover, the outgroup homogeneity effect can also be tested by including the generalized intergroup bias as a target outcome (see Musso et al, 2017 ). For example, Montreuil and Bourhis (2001) argued that it is possible that majority group members may not endorse distinctive acculturation orientations toward different immigrant target groups but instead construct ‘generic’ acculturation orientations, viewing all immigrants as members of one homogeneous outgroup.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

More similarity if different, more difference if similar: Assimilation, colorblindness, multiculturalism, polyculturalism, and generalized and specific negative intergroup bias

et al. 2022

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The creation of a social climate where all ethnic groups can harmoniously coexist is a central challenge for many countries today. Should we emphasize similarities and common ground or, conversely, recognize that there are important differences between groups? The current study examined relations between diversity ideologies (assimilation, colorblindness, multiculturalism, polyculturalism) and generalized and specific intergroup bias (against Chechens, Belarusians, Uzbeks, Chinese, and Jews and Muslims) among ethnic Russians (N = 701). In Study 1, colorblindness (ignoring differences) and polyculturalism (emphasizing interconnectivity) were associated with lower generalized intergroup bias and lower bias against Chechens, Uzbeks, and Chinese, but not Belarusians. Bias against Belarusians was lower among those who endorsed multiculturalism (emphasizing differences). In Study 2, multiculturalism was associated with higher implicit bias when the target was a Chechen but in general more proximal variables (positive or negative contact experience and perceived group similarity) were more robust predictors of intergroup bias than diversity ideologies. In Study 3, colorblindness and polyculturalism were related to lower levels of fearful attitudes against Muslims. Colorblindness was also associated with lower levels of Antisemitism in contrast to multiculturalism that had an opposite association. We place these results in the context of cultural distance and existing cultural stereotypes about different groups among the majority of Russians. The strengths and weaknesses of each diversity ideology for the mainstream cultural group are discussed. The results of the current study suggest that the most fruitful strategy for mainstream cultural groups for maintaining harmonious intergroup relations in diverse societies might be that of optimal distinctiveness.

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Mediating and moderating processes in the relationship between multicultural ideology and attitudes towards immigrants in emerging adults

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Spirituality and ethnocultural empathy among Italian adolescents: The mediating role of religious identity formation processes.

Spirituality and ethnocultural empathy among Italian adolescents: The mediating role of religious identity formation processes.

Immigration and Multiculturalism in Context: A Framework for Psychological Research

More similarity if different, more difference if similar: Assimilation, colorblindness, multiculturalism, polyculturalism, and generalized and specific negative intergroup bias

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