Mediating role of peritraumatic dissociation and depression on post-MVA distress: path analysis

Hodgson, Robert Charles; Webster, Reginald P.

doi:10.1002/da.20774

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…PTSD and depression are serious psychological disorders that can occur following exposure to one or more traumatic events (Hodgson & Webster, 2011; Johnson, Pike, & Chard, 2001; Marmar, Weiss, Metzler, & Delucchi, 1996; Marmar et al, 1999). Police officers are repeatedly exposed to traumatic events across their working lives, including motor vehicle accidents, armed conflicts, and witnessing violent death (Marmar et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Similar responses have been noted in individuals with PTSD and depression as well as individuals who have reported childhood trauma (Molina-Serrano, Linotte, Amat, Souery, & Barreto, 2008). It has been suggested that the presence of PD and concomitant neurological changes may increase an individual’s risk of PTSD or depression (Hodgson & Webster, 2011; Inslicht et al, 2010; Johnson et al, 2001; Marmar et al, 1996; Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003). However, these relationships are inconsistently shown, possibly due to risk factors that modify the relationship between PD, PTSD, and depression (Molina-Serrano et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Association of peritraumatic dissociation with symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.

McCanlies¹,

Sarkisian²,

Andrew³

et al. 2017

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Aim In this study, we evaluated whether peritraumatic dissociation (PD) was associated with symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and whether this association was modified by trauma prior to police work. Method Symptoms of depression, PTSD, peritraumatic dissociative experience (PDE), and trauma prior to police work were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, PTSD Checklist–Civilian, PDE questionnaire, and the Brief Trauma questionnaire, respectively, in 328 police officers. Separate regression models were used to assess if either symptoms of depression or PTSD were associated with PD stratified by prior trauma. Means were adjusted for race, number of drinks per week, and smoking. Results PD was associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression (β = 0.65, p < .001 and β = 0.27, p < .001, respectively). PD was positively associated with symptoms of PTSD regardless of prior trauma (β = 0.61, p < .001(without prior trauma), 0.75, p < .001 (with prior trauma). In contrast to PTSD, depression symptoms were significantly associated with PD scores in individuals with prior trauma (β = 0.47, p < .001), but not in individuals without prior trauma (β = 0.13, p = .165). Limitations This is a cross-sectional study. Outcomes were obtained via self-report and were not clinically diagnosed. Aspects of both the trauma event as well as the symptoms and severity of PD may have introduced recall bias. Conclusion These results add to the literature indicating that PD plays a role in symptoms of PTSD and depression and how prior trauma may modify this relationship.

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confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of peritraumatic dissociation with symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.

McCanlies¹,

Sarkisian²,

Andrew³

et al. 2017

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Peritraumatic dissociation may not be predictive of PTSD when controlled for symptoms of persistent dissociative symptoms after the event (Briere, Scott, & Weathers, 2005; van der Velden & Wittmann, 2008). Additionally the relationship between peritraumatic dissociation and eventual development of PTSD may be partially mediated by avoidant coping (Pacella et al, 2011) and/or depression (Hodgson & Webster, 2011) in the subacute period following trauma, or may simply be reflective of underlying experiential avoidance as a predictor of both dissociative symptoms and post-traumatic stress symptoms (Kumpula, Orcutt, Bardeen, & Varkovitzky, 2011). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Predictors of Acute Psychological Distress and Dissociation After Motor Vehicle Collision: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lewis

Platts‐Mills

Liberzon

et al. 2014

Journal of Trauma & Dissociation

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Objective The authors examined the incidence and predictors of peritraumatic distress and dissociation after one of the most common forms of civilian trauma exposure: motor vehicle collision (MVC). Methods In this study, patients presenting to the emergency department after MVC who were without serious injury and discharged to home after evaluation (n = 935) completed an emergency department interview evaluating sociodemographic, collision-related, and psychological characteristics. Results The incidence and predictors of distress (Peritraumatic Distress Inventory score ≥ 23) and dissociation (Michigan Critical Events Perception Scale score >3) were assessed. Distress was present in 355 of 935 patients (38%) and dissociation was present in 260 of 942 patients (28%). These outcomes showed only moderate correlation (r = 0.45), and had both shared and distinct predictors. Female gender, anxiety symptoms prior to MVC, and vehicle damage severity predicted both distress and dissociation. Higher socioeconomic status (higher education, higher income, full time employment) had a protective effect against distress but not dissociative symptoms. Better physical health and worse overall mental health were associated with increased risk of dissociation, but not distress. Distress but not dissociation was associated with lower patient confidence in recovery and a longer expected duration of recovery. Conclusion There are unique predictors of peritraumatic distress and dissociation. Further work is needed to better understand the neurobiology of peritraumatic distress and dissociation, and the influence of these peritraumatic outcomes on persistent psychological sequelae.

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“…One explanation for the mixed results concerning the relations between objective trauma characteristics and PTSD consists in the fact that subjective perceptions, rather than objective trauma characteristics, are predictive for subsequent posttraumatic symptoms (Nickerson et al, 2013;Hodgson & Webster, 2011) and more influential in the long term after trauma exposure (O'Donnell, Elliott, Wolfgang, & Creamer, 2007). This is consistent with the assumptions of the cognitive models of PTSD (Ehlers & Clark, 2003) that also suggest that a subjective experience, rather than an objective event, contribute to the development of PTSD.…”

Section: Subjective Trauma Appraisals and Ptsd Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 56%

The Relations Between Trauma Exposure, Subjective Trauma Appraisals, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in a Sample of Road Traffic Accident Victims

Măirean¹,

Cimpoeșu²,

Iasi³

2020

Psychological Applications and Trends 2020

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The aim of this present study is to assess the relations between objective trauma exposure characteristics (i.e. the number of days of hospitalization, the number of deaths), subjective trauma appraisal and posttraumatic stress symptoms in victims of road traffic accidents (RTA). We also wanted to identify the moderating role of subjective trauma appraisals in the relations between objective trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms. The study involved a sample consisting of 162 participants that experienced an RTA in the last two years (62.3 % were men). The results showed that the number of days of hospitalization, traumatic fear, and the three types of posttraumatic cognitions were positively correlated with PTSD symptoms. However, only the number of days of hospitalization, traumatic fear, and negative cognitions about the self predicted PTSD symptoms. Further, the results showed that self-blame cognitions moderated the relation between the number of deaths and PTSD symptoms. The results are in line with cognitive models of PTSD and some previous studies sustaining the fact that subjective trauma appraisals are strongly related to PTSD, compared to objective indicators of trauma exposure. The implications of these results for interventions are discussed.

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Mediating role of peritraumatic dissociation and depression on post-MVA distress: path analysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Association of peritraumatic dissociation with symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Association of peritraumatic dissociation with symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Incidence and Predictors of Acute Psychological Distress and Dissociation After Motor Vehicle Collision: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Relations Between Trauma Exposure, Subjective Trauma Appraisals, and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in a Sample of Road Traffic Accident Victims

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