Mediation of coffee-induced improvements in human vascular function by chlorogenic acids and its metabolites: Two randomized, controlled, crossover intervention trials

Abstract

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) on ClinicalTrials.govNCT01813981 and NCT01772784.

Factors affecting intake, metabolism and health benefits of phenolic acids: do we understand individual variability?

“…A bi-phasic FMD response was observed regardless of the intake level, closely in concomitance with the appearance of HCA metabolites in plasma [101]. One of these metabolites peaking in plasma in parallel to the vascular function improvement was ferulic acid 4ʹ-O-sulfate [101], which has recently demonstrated to elicit a concentration-dependent vasorelaxing effect ex vivo [109]. Therefore, further studies are needed to establish a dose-response relationship and to determine the molecular species and their adequate plasma levels to demonstrate the FMD response.…”

“…Interestingly, these authors also investigated the impact of coffee intake, matching for caffeine, but differing in the content in chlorogenic acids (89 and 310 mg), on FMD response. A bi-phasic FMD response was observed regardless of the intake level, closely in concomitance with the appearance of HCA metabolites in plasma [101]. One of these metabolites peaking in plasma in parallel to the vascular function improvement was ferulic acid 4ʹ-O-sulfate [101], which has recently demonstrated to elicit a concentration-dependent vasorelaxing effect ex vivo [109].…”

“…While some human studies indicated a lack of effect of 400 mg of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid) or coffee containing different amounts of HCAs on flowmediated dilation (FMD) [106,108], a recent intervention trial by Ward et al [105] in healthy men and women reported significant effects of chlorogenic acid, at doses of 450 and 900 mg, on mean post-ischaemic FMD response. To further complicate the picture, in a similar study conducted only in healthy men, Mills et al [101] observed improvements in vascular function after pure chlorogenic acid intake, but only at 450 mg and not at 900 mg intake level. Interestingly, these authors also investigated the impact of coffee intake, matching for caffeine, but differing in the content in chlorogenic acids (89 and 310 mg), on FMD response.…”

“…HCAs have shown a series of biological activities related to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome in cell and animal studies [2,[89][90][91][92][97][98][99], but evidence in humans is rather limited. HCAs may enhance cardiovascular health by exerting blood pressurelowering effects and by acutely improving the endothelial function [89,100,101]. Some studies suggest that chlorogenic acids may cause significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure [100,102,103], but other studies have instead reported a lack of significant blood pressure reduction [104][105][106].…”

The gut microbiota and cardiovascular health benefits: A focus on wholegrain oats

“…; Mills et al . ). However, the phenolic acids in oats are linked to cell wall polysaccharides by ester linkages and this means their absorption will be limited until they reach the large intestine where they may undergo extensive bioconversion by colonic microbiota to yield various bioactive metabolites that express local intestinal effects in the gut, and also systemic effects following absorption (Vitaglione et al .…”