Mediation of Serum Resistance in Salmonella typhimurium by an 11-Kilodalton Polypeptide Encoded by the Cryptic Plasmid

Hackett, Jim; Wyk, Paul; Reeves, Peter R.; Mathan, Vadakenadayil

doi:10.1093/infdis/155.3.540

Cited by 97 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Rck was first described by Hackett and coworkers (9), who identified a 2.4-kb ClaI-PstI fragment from a cosmid DNA library of a virulent strain of S. enterica Typhimurium. This fragment conferred high-level serum resistance when expressed in serumsensitive E. coli K12 or a rough, virulence plasmid-cured strain of S. enterica Typhimurium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Human Complement Factor H Binds to Outer Membrane Protein Rck of Salmonella

Jarva

Meri

2010

The Journal of Immunology

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Serum resistance, or resistance to complement-mediated killing, is a key virulence property of microbial pathogens. Rck is a 17-kDa outer membrane protein encoded on the virulence plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. When expressed in either Escherichia coli or S. enterica Typhimurium, Rck confers serum resistance independent of LPS length. Recently, the Rck homolog from Yersinia enterocolitica, Ail, has been shown to bind the complement regulatory protein factor H (fH). Based on these observations, we hypothesized that Rck may also possess this ability. Using both flow cytometery and direct binding analysis, we demonstrate that Rck expressed in E. coli binds fH. We observed fH binding to Rck from human serum and also using the purified protein. Expression of Rck protected bacteria from alternative pathway-mediated killing and was associated with a reduction in C3b, Bb, and membrane attack complex deposition. fH bound to Rck promoted C3b cleavage in the presence of factor I. Binding was specific and mediated by two regions in fH, the short consensus repeats 5–7 and 19 to 20. These results suggest that fH recruitment by Rck is functional and can protect a normally serum-sensitive heterologous host against complement attack. Binding and exploitation of fH may thus contribute to Rck-mediated serum resistance.

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confidence: 99%

Human Complement Factor H Binds to Outer Membrane Protein Rck of Salmonella

Jarva

Meri

2010

The Journal of Immunology

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“…dublin) is related to the serum resistance locus of the virulence plasmid of S . typhimurium reported by other workers (Hackett et al, 1987;Rhen & Sukupolvi, 1988) because no detailed restriction maps have been reported for that plasmid. Using dot hybridization experiments, however, no homology was detected between the cloned SalI fragment 5 of pTE8OO and the virulence plasmid of S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…typhimurium (Hackett et al, 1986). Hackett et al (1987) cloned a gene expressing an 1 1 kDa serum-resistance protein encoded by the cryptic plasmid of S . typhimurium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transposon insertion mutagenesis of a genetic region encoding serum resistance in an 80 kb plasmid of Salmonella dublin

Terakado

Ushijima²,

Samejima³

et al. 1990

Journal of General Microbiology

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Using transposon insertion mutagenesis with Tnl or Tn5, we obtained Salmonella dubfin mutant strains that showed either diminished serum resistance (five mutants) or diminished mouse lethality (two mutants). Detailed restriction cleavage analysis to determine the single sites of transposon insertion in an 80 kb plasmid (pTESOO) indicated that a region for serum resistance was located within a 3.0 kb region of the SafI cleavage fragment 5 and the HindIII fragment 2, while the region for mouse lethality was within a 6.0 kb region of the SalI fragment 2 and the HindIII fragment 1. When the Tnl-containing S d fragment 5 was reconverted, by homologous recombination, to the original S d fragment 5 (9.6 kb), serum resistance was recovered to the same level as that of a parent strain 52401. Moreover, the change in the serum resistance correlated with changes in the neutral sugar composition of the LPS. The mutation in the plasmid in strain TE4-55 that gave diminished mouse lethality was also reversed by recombination with the cloned Sari fragment 2 (15.0 kb), with concomitant recovery of mouse lethality. These results indicate that the genetic region for serum resistance is different from that for mouse lethality, and that the gene for serum resistance is closely involved with the expression of the neutral sugar composition of the LPS of S. dublin.

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“…A distinct complement resistance locus was cloned from the S. typhimurium virulence plasmid by J. Hackett and colleagues (15). These workers showed that pADE016, containing a 2.4-kb ClaI-PstI fragment in a multicopy cosmid vector, confers high-level complement resistance to a serumsensitive Escherichia coli K-12 strain and to the rough, plasmid-cured S. typhimurium derivative of the wild-type parent strain (15).…”

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The Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid complement resistance gene rck is homologous to a family of virulence-related outer membrane protein genes, including pagC and ail

et al. 1992

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A fragment of the Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid containing the rck locus, when cloned in the recombinant cosmid pADE016, was shown previously to confer high-level complement resistance on both rough and smooth Escherichia coli, SalmoneUa minnesota, and S. typhimurium and was associated with the production of an outer membrane protein. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of gram-negative bacteria provide specialized functions enabling the organisms to interact with the environment, promoting survival. For pathogenic bacteria, a number of specific proteins required for virulence are located in the outer membrane. Gram-negative organisms causing invasive disease must resist the bactericidal action of complement present in normal human serum (22,46). The outer membrane is the initial site of interaction between complement and the bacterial cell, and both the structure of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the presence of specific OMPs have been shown to be critical determinants of bacterial resistance to complement (22). In Salmonella spp., the number and length of the LPS side chains (O antigen) play a major role in complement resistance, since long-chain LPS leads to complement activation at a distance from the cell surface and precludes insertion of the membrane attack complex in the outer membrane (23, 24).Several genes encoded by Salmonella virulence plasmids have been implicated in serum resistance. These plasmids, 50 to 100 kb in size, are present in several invasive Salmonella serotypes, and all appear to contain a common 8.4-kb region required for progressive infection of the reticuloendothelial system, leading to septicemia and death in experimental animals (14). Genetic loci specifying serum resistance map outside this core virulence region and include a traT allele (42), a determinant affecting LPS structure (26), and the rsk region, which enhances the ability of smooth S. typhimurium to grow in serum when the virulence plasmid is integrated in the chromosome (50, 51).A distinct complement resistance locus was cloned from the S. typhimurium virulence plasmid by J. Hackett and colleagues (15). These workers showed that pADE016, containing a 2.4-kb ClaI-PstI fragment in a multicopy cosmid vector, confers high-level complement resistance to a serumsensitive Escherichia coli K-12 strain and to the rough, plasmid-cured S. typhimurium derivative of the wild-type parent strain (15). In addition, they found that expression of the serum resistance phenotype by pADE016 was associated with the production of an OMP. We have recently investigated the mechanisms by which this locus (designated rck, for resistance to complement killing) mediates serum resistance in gram-negative bacteria (17). These studies suggest that the rck gene product prevents complement-mediated bacteriolysis by inhibiting effective insertion of the terminal C5b-9 membrane attack complex into the gram-negative outer membrane, a mechanism of complement resistance similar to that noted in serum-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2...

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Mediation of Serum Resistance in Salmonella typhimurium by an 11-Kilodalton Polypeptide Encoded by the Cryptic Plasmid

Cited by 97 publications

References 18 publications

Human Complement Factor H Binds to Outer Membrane Protein Rck of Salmonella

Human Complement Factor H Binds to Outer Membrane Protein Rck of Salmonella

Transposon insertion mutagenesis of a genetic region encoding serum resistance in an 80 kb plasmid of Salmonella dublin

The Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid complement resistance gene rck is homologous to a family of virulence-related outer membrane protein genes, including pagC and ail

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